{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:49:20Z","timestamp":1793231360353,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on the risk of non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between EAT and ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study enrolled 281 patients with angina or other symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia who underwent single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI). All patients had confirmed non-obstructive coronary artery disease (stenosis &amp;lt;50%) by either coronary angiography (CAG) or coronary CT angiography (CCTA) within 3 months before or after MPI. Based on MPI results, patients were categorized into ischemic and non-ischemic groups. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) density and volume were measured, and relevant clinical parameters were collected for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results revealed that 37.72% of the patients had INOCA, and these patients exhibited significantly higher body mass index (BMI) and EAT density. No statistically significant difference in EAT volume was observed between groups. Both EAT density (OR\u2009=\u2009\u22121.846, 95% CI: 1.353\u20132.559,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and volume (OR\u2009=\u2009\u22121.703, 95% CI: 1.151\u20132.551,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) were identified as independent risk factors for INOCA. Furthermore, EAT density demonstrated a linear relationship with disease risk. In statin users, the positive association between EAT density and INOCA was attenuated. (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.039,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EAT density is an independent risk factor for INOCA, with its increase showing a linear association with INOCA risk. Further, statin use was associated with a reduction in this EAT density-related INOCA risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1686602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:43:24Z","timestamp":1769755404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A modifiable imaging biomarker: epicardial adipose tissue density in ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenji","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XuHong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]},{"name":"The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changzhou","place":["Changzhou, Jiangsu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31012-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa503","article-title":"An EAPCI expert consensus document on ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries in collaboration with European society of cardiology working group on coronary pathophysiology & microcirculation endorsed by coronary vasomotor disorders international study group","volume":"41","author":"Kunadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13398","article-title":"Prognostic implications of ischemia with nonobstructive coronary arteries: understanding risks for improving treatment","volume":"291","author":"Calabro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz425","article-title":"2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes","volume":"41","author":"Knuuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-0231","article-title":"Diagnostic strategies for the assessment of suspected stable coronary artery disease","volume":"176","author":"Zito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00679-9","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology","volume":"19","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.015159","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue assessed by computed tomography and echocardiography are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Chong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-020-09965-5","article-title":"Effect of exercise on epicardial adipose tissue in adults: a systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"26","author":"Colonetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01738-2","article-title":"Efficacy of cardiometabolic drugs in reduction of epicardial adipose tissue: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Myasoedova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.11.004","article-title":"Pleiotropic effects of statin therapy: molecular mechanisms and clinical results","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.2589","article-title":"Association of biologic therapy with coronary inflammation in patients with psoriasis as assessed by perivascular fat attenuation Index","volume":"4","author":"Elnabawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.062","article-title":"Association of epicardial fat with cardiovascular risk factors and incident myocardial infarction in the general population: the Heinz Nixdorf recall study","volume":"61","author":"Mahabadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.020","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery plaque characteristics","volume":"210","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev209","article-title":"Quantification of epicardial and intrathoracic fat volume does not provide an added prognostic value as an adjunct to coronary artery calcium score and myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography","volume":"17","author":"Possner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183514","article-title":"Cardiac computed tomography-derived epicardial fat volume and attenuation independently distinguish patients with and without myocardial infarction","volume":"12","author":"Mahabadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E95","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00482.2015","article-title":"Characterizing active and inactive brown adipose tissue in adult humans using PET-CT and MR imaging","volume":"311","author":"Gifford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/21623945.2015.1106057","article-title":"Computed tomography-measured adipose tissue attenuation and area both predict adipocyte size and cardiometabolic risk in women","volume":"5","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl001","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"27","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000020","DOI":"10.1161\/HCI.0000000000000020","article-title":"Contemporary cardiac SPECT imaging\u2014innovations and best practices: an information statement from the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology","volume":"11","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-010-9220-8","article-title":"Combined quantitative analysis of attenuation corrected and non-corrected myocadial perfusion SPECT: method development and clinical validation","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e018080","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018080","article-title":"Association of epicardial fat volume with increased risk of obstructive coronary artery disease in Chinese patients with suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810320421","article-title":"Quantitation of in vitro coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography","volume":"32","author":"Mahaisavariya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1348","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-22-00579","article-title":"Angiography-derived assessment of coronary microcirculatory resistance in patients with suspected myocardial ischaemia and non-obstructive coronary arteries","volume":"18","author":"Mej\u00eda-Renter\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024534","article-title":"Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA)","volume":"135","author":"Bairey Merz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.01.041","article-title":"Functional and economic impact of INOCA and influence of coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"14","author":"Schumann","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028429","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1028429","article-title":"Can EAT be an INOCA goalkeeper","volume":"13","author":"Shan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.024","article-title":"Association of high-sensitivity troponin T and I with the severity of stable coronary artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"313","author":"Brunner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.02.092","article-title":"A novel paradigm for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: comorbidities drive myocardial dysfunction and remodeling through coronary microvascular endothelial inflammation","volume":"62","author":"Paulus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000033116.22237.F9","article-title":"Demonstration that C-reactive protein decreases eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells","volume":"106","author":"Venugopal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7212","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237212","article-title":"Epicardial and pericoronary adipose tissue, coronary inflammation, and acute coronary syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Napoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000099542.57313.C5","article-title":"Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators","volume":"108","author":"Mazurek","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.07.003","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue: emerging physiological, pathophysiological and clinical features","volume":"22","author":"Iacobellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02342-8","article-title":"Excessive accumulation of epicardial adipose tissue promotes microvascular obstruction formation after myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion through modulating macrophages polarization","volume":"23","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00875-6","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue differentiates in patients with and without coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316679524","article-title":"Relation between cardiovascular disease risk factors and epicardial adipose tissue density on cardiac computed tomography in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events","volume":"24","author":"Franssens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.033","article-title":"Association of epicardial adipose tissue attenuation with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with a high risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"284","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.02.031","article-title":"21st century advances in multimodality imaging of obesity for care of the cardiovascular patient","volume":"14","author":"Neeland","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1485-6","article-title":"Effects of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on visceral and subcutaneous fat density by computed tomography","volume":"25","author":"Torriani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.009","article-title":"Ischemia and no obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA): a narrative review","volume":"363","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01778-8","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue density is a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk in HFpEF patients: a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001454","article-title":"Relationship between epicardial adipose tissue attenuation and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4296","article-title":"Fat quality and incident cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and cancer mortality","volume":"100","author":"Rosenquist","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013104","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013104","article-title":"Statins reduce epicardial adipose tissue attenuation independent of lipid lowering: a potential pleiotropic effect","volume":"8","author":"Raggi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi23-0005","article-title":"Adipose signals regulating distal organ health and disease","volume":"73","author":"Gilani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2016.01.009","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue volume but not density is an independent predictor for myocardial ischemia","volume":"10","author":"Hell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2017.11.007","article-title":"Epicardial adipose tissue density and volume are related to subclinical atherosclerosis, inflammation and major adverse cardiac events in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"12","author":"Goeller","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009829","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009829","article-title":"Deep learning-based quantification of epicardial adipose tissue volume and attenuation predicts Major adverse cardiovascular events in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"13","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.12.015","article-title":"Relationship between coronary artery calcium and atherosclerosis progression among patients with suspected coronary artery disease","volume":"15","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.11.096","article-title":"Angiographic versus functional severity of coronary artery stenoses in the FAME study fractional flow reserve versus angiography in multivessel evaluation","volume":"55","author":"Tonino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1686602\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1771925249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1686602\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1686602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1686602","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"article-number":"1686602"}}