{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T08:10:06Z","timestamp":1774512606755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are major causes of myocardial thickening, yet they arise from distinct genetic, structural, and pathophysiological mechanisms. Differentiating these entities is clinically crucial, as management strategies and prognostic implications differ substantially. However, overlapping phenotypic features, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy, frequently complicate diagnosis. Recent advances in multimodality cardiac imaging have markedly improved the ability to distinguish HCM from CA through refined anatomical assessment and non-invasive tissue characterization. Echocardiography helps evaluate ventricular structure, diastolic function, and flow patterns. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve are characteristic of HCM, while concentric wall thickening, biatrial enlargement, restrictive filling, and the \u201capical sparing\u201d strain pattern point toward CA. Cardiac MRI adds further diagnostic value through tissue characterization. In HCM, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) typically appears as patchy mid-wall or junctional fibrosis, whereas in CA it is diffuse, involving the subendocardium or the full wall thickness. Mapping parameters also help differentiate the two conditions: native T1 and ECV are mildly elevated in HCM but markedly increased in CA due to extensive extracellular amyloid deposition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1752135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:35:13Z","timestamp":1774506913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cardiac imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and cardiac amyloidosis: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Maggialetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Scardapane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Unit, \u201cPerrino\u201d Hospital","place":["Brindisi, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eluisa","family":"Muscogiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Department, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Torrente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Department, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"De Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Department, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Fanigliulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Medicine Department, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amato Antonio","family":"Stabile Ianora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e533","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000938","article-title":"2020 AHA\/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology\/american heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"142","author":"Ommen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.10.075","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a brief overview","author":"Braunwald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-017-0352-6","article-title":"Causes of an increased pressure gradient through the left ventricular outflow tract: a west coast experience","volume":"16","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Echocardiogr"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s44348-025-00049-2","article-title":"Update on left ventricular outflow tract obstruction","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2286","article-title":"MRI Of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: part I, MRI appearances","volume":"189","author":"Hansen","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150137","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from A to Z: genetics, pathophysiology, imaging, and management","volume":"36","author":"Baxi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.05.003","article-title":"The remarkable 50 years of imaging in HCM and how it has changed diagnosis and management: from M-mode echocardiography to CMR","volume":"9","author":"Maron","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies: developed by the task force on the management of cardiomyopathies of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"44","author":"Arbelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu291","article-title":"Role of multimodality cardiac imaging in the management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an expert consensus of the European association of cardiovascular imaging endorsed by the Saudi heart association","volume":"16","author":"Cardim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.07.057","article-title":"Prognostic implications of the Doppler restrictive filling pattern in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"104","author":"Biagini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.10.081","article-title":"Role of imaging in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","author":"Abraham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.647172","article-title":"Role of tissue Doppler and strain echocardiography in current clinical practice","volume":"116","author":"Abraham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-00607-1","article-title":"Standardized cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) protocols: 2020 update","volume":"22","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.21542\/gcsp.2018.22","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"2018","author":"Brenes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob Cardiol Sci Pract"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17336","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance of hypertrophic heart phenotype: a review","volume":"9","author":"Tore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C130","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad015","article-title":"Diagnostic and prognostic role of late gadolinium enhancement in cardiomyopathies","volume":"25","author":"Aquaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.08.019","article-title":"Native T1 mapping in differentiation of normal myocardium from diffuse disease in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Puntmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.976738","article-title":"Myocardial tissue characterization using magnetic resonance non-contrast t1 mapping in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Dass","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302346","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance measurement of myocardial extracellular volume in health and disease","volume":"98","author":"Sado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.054","article-title":"Assessing myocardial extracellular volume by T1 mapping to distinguish hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from athlete\u2019s heart","volume":"67","author":"Swoboda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-016-0308-4","article-title":"Cardiac T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) in clinical practice: a comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Haaf","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311059","article-title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: genetics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"121","author":"Marian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2532","article-title":"Redefining the epidemiology of cardiac amyloidosis. A systematic review and meta-analysis of screening studies","volume":"24","author":"Aimo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14040407","article-title":"Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Maggialetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-019-01760-6","article-title":"ASNC\/AHA\/ASE\/EANM\/HFSA\/ISA\/SCMR\/SNMMI expert consensus recommendations for multimodality imaging in cardiac amyloidosis: part 1 of 2-evidence base and standardized methods of imaging","volume":"26","author":"Dorbala","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Cardiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.03.009","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction is related to abnormalities in myocardial structure and function in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"2","author":"Dorbala","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2140","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis. A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"23","author":"Garcia-Pavia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01799-3","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: position statement of the German cardiac society (DGK)","volume":"110","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.12.034","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular society\/Canadian heart failure society joint position statement on the evaluation and management of patients with cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"36","author":"Fine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.006","article-title":"Practical points for echocardiography in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"35","author":"Cuddy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.10.011","article-title":"Multiparametric echocardiography scores for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"13","author":"Boldrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13449","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13449","article-title":"A simple echocardiographic score to rule out cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"51","author":"Aimo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3455","article-title":"The mayo ATTR-CM score versus other diagnostic scores and cardiac biomarkers in patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"27","author":"Bonfioli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-025-10493-3","article-title":"Positron emission tomography in cardiac amyloidosis: current evidence and future directions","volume":"30","author":"Aimo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751293","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.751293","article-title":"Cardiac amyloidosis: a review of current imaging techniques","volume":"8","author":"Razvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70127-9","article-title":"Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis and symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"136","author":"Fattori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. Heart J"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.04.0871","article-title":"MR Findings in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"186","author":"Vanden Driesen","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0389-8","article-title":"Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: a consensus statement by the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European association for cardiovascular imaging (EACVI)","volume":"19","author":"Messroghli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.11.013","article-title":"Noncontrast T1 mapping for the diagnosis of cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"6","author":"Karamitsos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Imaging"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.02.012","article-title":"CMR-verified regression of cardiac AL amyloid after chemotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Martinez-Naharro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Imaging"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015141744","article-title":"Differential myocyte responses in patients with cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis and light-chain amyloidosis: a cardiac MR imaging study","volume":"277","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu444","article-title":"T1 mapping and survival in systemic light-chain amyloidosis","volume":"36","author":"Banypersad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.04.006","article-title":"Quantification of extracellular matrix expansion by CMR in infiltrative heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Mongeon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Imaging"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-018-0478-3","article-title":"Myocardial native T2 measurement to differentiate light-chain and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and assess prognosis","volume":"20","author":"Ridouani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000152819.97857.9D","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"111","author":"Maceira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016567","article-title":"Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"132","author":"Fontana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.053","article-title":"Magnetic resonance in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"70","author":"Martinez-Naharro","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0311-6","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of cardiovascular magnetic resonance for patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2011.12.006","article-title":"Patterns of myocardial late enhancement: typical and atypical features","volume":"105","author":"Vermes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.08.015","article-title":"CMR-based differentiation of AL and ATTR cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"7","author":"Dungu","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.12.002","article-title":"CMR And amyloid cardiomyopathy: are we getting closer to the biology? JACC cardiovasc","volume":"7","author":"Kwong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Imaging"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.01.036","article-title":"Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement CMR in systemic amyloidosis","volume":"9","author":"Raina","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.02.006","article-title":"Native T1 and extracellular volume in transthyretin amyloidosis","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Naharro","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.536","article-title":"Myocardial edema and prognosis in amyloidosis","volume":"71","author":"Kotecha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-010-1642-7","article-title":"Usefulness and limitations of 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid scintigraphy in the aetiological diagnosis of amyloidotic cardiomyopathy","volume":"38","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2015.1072089","article-title":"Usefulness of (99m)Tc-HMDP scintigraphy for the etiologic diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"22","author":"Galat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Amyloid"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1752135\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:35:14Z","timestamp":1774506914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1752135\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1752135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1752135","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"article-number":"1752135"}}