{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T05:05:29Z","timestamp":1780031129786,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residual inflammation remains a major contributor to cardiovascular risk after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), even with optimal control of traditional risk factors. This study evaluated the prevalence of residual inflammatory risk, using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) as a marker, and its association with achieving guideline-recommended secondary prevention targets following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed 878 patients who underwent pPCI for STEMI between October 2016 and May 2023. At a mean of 2.4 years post-procedure, hs-CRP and secondary prevention metrics were assessed. Elevated hs-CRP level was defined as greater than 3\u2005mg\/L. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine if there was an association between meeting these clinical targets and having lower hs-CRP levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median hs-CRP level was 2.7 (IQR: 1.2\u20135), and 44.6% of patients had levels &amp;gt;3\u2005mg\/L. Achieving targets for waist circumference, LDL-C (&amp;lt;55\u2005mg\/dL), and triglycerides (&amp;lt;150\u2005mg\/dL), as well as adherence to statin and ACEI\/ARB therapy, were independently associated with lower odds of elevated hs-CRP. Notably, 29.8% of patients with LDL-C\u2009&amp;lt;\u200955\u2005mg\/dL still exhibited elevated hs-CRP, indicating persistent inflammatory risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residual inflammatory risk is highly prevalent after STEMI, even among patients with optimal LDL-C control. Comprehensive secondary prevention\u2014including lipid management, central obesity reduction, and medication adherence\u2014correlates with lower hs-CRP. These findings underscore the need for strategies targeting inflammation alongside traditional risk factor control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1758499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T04:52:10Z","timestamp":1780030330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residual inflammatory risk post STEMI: high prevalence despite LDL-C control and association with other secondary prevention targets"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine","place":["Cairo, Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Yosry Emam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation-Aswan Heart Centre","place":["Cairo, 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