{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:02:35Z","timestamp":1789722155269,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breast Arterial Calcification (BAC) is a common incidental finding on mammograms, traditionally regarded as a benign degenerative change. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that BAC is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in women with hypertension. Hypertension may contribute to BAC through persistent hemodynamic stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction, which promote the osteoblast-like transformation of medial vascular smooth muscle cells and calcium deposition in the extracellular matrix. The resulting increase in arterial stiffness is consistent with M\u00f6nckeberg's medial calcification, a process distinct from atherosclerotic plaque calcification. Epidemiological data indicate that individuals with BAC have a higher risk of CAD than those without BAC. This association may be stronger in individuals with elevated blood pressure and may provide information beyond traditional Framingham risk scores. In clinical practice, routine mammography can readily detect BAC. Emerging deep learning-based artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms may improve the consistency and sensitivity of BAC assessment, providing a non-invasive, cost-effective, and widely accessible approach to cardiovascular screening in hypertensive women. Current multicenter cohort studies are beginning to integrate BAC scores into cardiovascular risk prediction models and to examine their relationships with blood pressure control and anti-calcification therapies. Future studies should validate AI algorithms across equipment and populations, clarify the relationships of BAC with blood pressure variability, micro-inflammation, and myocardial perfusion, and evaluate interventions targeting medial calcification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1860391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:19:12Z","timestamp":1789719552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automated assessment of breast arterial calcification: a new frontier in cardiovascular risk prediction"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lingling","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Dongyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital","place":["Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhebing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Dongyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital","place":["Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, Dongyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Jinhua City","place":["Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery, Dongyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital","place":["Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.119.313879","article-title":"Warfarin accelerates medial arterial calcification in humans","volume":"40","author":"Alappan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008588","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.008588","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk prediction in patients with coronary artery disease: FMD-j (flow-mediated dilation Japan) study a","volume":"7","author":"Maruhashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2024.0966","article-title":"Combined mammographic breast density and breast arterial calcification as an incremental predictor of coronary artery disease","volume":"34","author":"Aldous","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.116.025277","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification: expanding the reach of cardiovascular prevention","volume":"135","author":"Polonsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbaf009","article-title":"Breast arterial calcifications on mammography: a review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Rossi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-021-00924-5","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification: a potential biomarker for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk?","volume":"23","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013526","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.121.013526","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification: a novel cardiovascular risk enhancer among postmenopausal women","volume":"15","author":"Iribarren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0290-4","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification: a new marker of cardiovascular risk?","volume":"7","author":"Iribarren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4250\/jcvi.2018.26.e20","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification: a potential surrogate marker for cardiovascular disease","volume":"26","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8733","article-title":"Association between breast arterial calcification on mammography and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Osman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236598","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236598","article-title":"Is breast arterial calcification associated with coronary artery disease?\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0000698","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000698","article-title":"Measurement of breast artery calcification using an artificial intelligence detection model and its association with major adverse cardiovascular events","volume":"3","author":"Rose","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2004.04.004","article-title":"Breast arterial calcifications associated with diabetes and hypertension","volume":"18","author":"\u00c7etin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2003.09.007","article-title":"Prevalence of breast arterial calcification in hypertensive patients","volume":"59","author":"\u00c7etin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2014(12)09","article-title":"The association of breast arterial calcification and metabolic syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Yildiz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2021-002296","article-title":"Association of mammographic density and benign breast calcifications individually or combined with hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in women \u226540 years of age: a retrospective study","volume":"70","author":"Al-Mohaissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.123.319370","article-title":"Sex, racial, and ethnic disparities in acute coronary syndrome: novel risk factors and recommendations for earlier diagnosis to improve outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Khraishah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.2763","article-title":"Use of long-term cumulative blood pressure in cardiovascular risk prediction models","volume":"3","author":"Pool","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.08.005","article-title":"Screening mammography beyond breast cancer: breast arterial calcifications as a sex-specific biomarker of cardiovascular risk","volume":"119","author":"Trimboli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2076","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.2076","article-title":"Recurrent attention u-net for segmentation and quantification of breast arterial calcifications on synthesized 2D mammograms","volume":"10","author":"AlJabri","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ Computer Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbae064","article-title":"Artificial intelligence\u2013based software for breast arterial calcification detection on mammograms","volume":"7","author":"Watanabe","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2024.10.001","article-title":"Evaluation of a deep learning-based software to automatically detect and quantify breast arterial calcifications on digital mammogram","volume":"106","author":"Saccenti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86894","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.86894","article-title":"A review of artificial intelligence models for detecting breast arterial calcification on mammograms and their clinical implications","volume":"17","author":"Chidurala","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.05.0365","article-title":"How predictive is breast arterial calcification of cardiovascular disease and risk factors when found at screening mammography?","volume":"187","author":"Kataoka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0693","article-title":"Reduced bone mineral density is associated with breast arterial calcification","volume":"93","author":"Reddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1502-126","article-title":"The relationship of breast arterial calcification detected in mammographic examinations with cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular risk factors, parity, and breastfeeding","volume":"46","author":"Yal\u00e7in \u015eafak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2018.433","article-title":"Association between breast arterial calcifications found on mammography and coronary artery calcifications in asymptomatic Saudi women","volume":"38","author":"Fathala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.1932","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification is associated with reproductive factors in asymptomatic postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Bielak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2414252","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202414252","article-title":"GLS1-mediated redundancy in glutamate accelerates arterial calcification via activating NMDAR\/Ca2+\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20243122","article-title":"A new mechanism of arterial calcification in diabetes: interaction between H3K18 lactylation and CHI3L1","volume":"139","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9891-2","article-title":"Arterial location-specific calcification at the carotid artery and aortic arch for chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia","volume":"95","author":"Yamada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56377-8","article-title":"Role of klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 in arterial calcification, thickness, and stiffness: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"14","author":"Wungu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002665","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002665","article-title":"Increased peripheral arterial calcification in patients receiving warfarin","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.07190810","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification: a marker of medial vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"Duhn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab309","article-title":"SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe","volume":"42","author":"Hageman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4514","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.7144","article-title":"The use of repeated blood pressure measures for cardiovascular risk prediction: a comparison of statistical models in the ARIC study","volume":"36","author":"Sweeting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.05.012","article-title":"Impact of aromatase inhibitors treatment duration on coronary artery calcification in postoperative patients with breast cancer","volume":"40","author":"Hiasa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.127992","article-title":"Relationship between breast arterial calcification on mammography with CT calcium scoring and coronary CT angiography results","volume":"3","author":"Abedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Biomed Res"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001765","article-title":"Coronary artery disease prediction based on breast arterial calcification in women undergoing mammography as a screening for breast cancer","volume":"28","author":"Pudil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14740\/cr604w","article-title":"Breast arterial calcifications on mammography do not predict myocardial ischemia on myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography","volume":"8","author":"Fathala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.81","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification on mammography does not predict coronary artery disease by invasive coronary angiography","volume":"40","author":"Fathala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22702","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification association with coronary artery calcium scoring and implications for cardiovascular risk assessment in women","volume":"40","author":"Ryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59606-y","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification is associated with the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic women: a preliminary retrospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Yoon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy010","article-title":"Role of smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: implications in atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness","volume":"114","author":"Durham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.175976","article-title":"Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Clarke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144263","article-title":"Risk of stroke, dementia, and cognitive decline with coronary and arterial calcification","volume":"13","author":"Ngamdu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68378-4","article-title":"The correlation of deep learning-based CAD-RADS evaluated by coronary computed tomography angiography with breast arterial calcification on mammography","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-20-560","article-title":"Semiquantitative score of breast arterial calcifications on mammography (BAC-SS): intra- and inter-reader reproducibility","volume":"11","author":"Trimboli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-6333","article-title":"Role and progress of artificial intelligence in radiodiagnosing vascular calcification: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14124153","article-title":"AI in medical imaging and image processing","volume":"14","author":"Nurzynska","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.33003\/fjs-2025-0906-3697","article-title":"AI-based medical image analysis for early detection of neurological disorders using deep learning","volume":"9","author":"Samuel Abiodun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Fudma J Sci"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"493","article-title":"Deep learning framework based on generative AI for medical image analysis","author":"Swaroopa","year":"2025"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"1","article-title":"Medical image analysis with deep learning approach","author":"Markandey","year":"2025"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2868756","article-title":"Quantification of breast arterial calcification using full field digital mammography","volume":"35","author":"Molloi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw302","article-title":"Moving beyond regression techniques in cardiovascular risk prediction: applying machine learning to address analytic challenges","volume":"38","author":"Goldstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0174944","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174944","article-title":"Can machine-learning improve cardiovascular risk prediction using routine clinical data? Liu B, ed","volume":"12","author":"Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21609-7","article-title":"Characterisation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and machine learning risk prediction in middle-aged and elderly populations: data from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84292","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2024.3412789","article-title":"Interpretable data-driven approach based on feature selection methods and GAN-based models for cardiovascular risk prediction in diabetic patients","volume":"12","author":"Chushig-Muzo","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9418666","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9418666","article-title":"Application of machine learning for cardiovascular disease risk prediction. Bhardwaj A, ed","volume":"2023","author":"Dalal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031161","article-title":"Efficient data-driven machine learning models for cardiovascular diseases risk prediction","volume":"23","author":"Dritsas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13050507","article-title":"Heartensemblenet: an innovative hybrid ensemble learning approach for cardiovascular risk prediction","volume":"13","author":"Zaidi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01985-3","article-title":"Machine learning in precision diabetes care and cardiovascular risk prediction","volume":"22","author":"Oikonomou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01020-z","article-title":"AI-derived epicardial fat measurements improve cardiovascular risk prediction from myocardial perfusion imaging","volume":"7","author":"Miller","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Digit Med"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.11891","article-title":"Deepheart: semi-supervised sequence learning for cardiovascular risk prediction","author":"Ballinger","year":"2018"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e030739","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.123.030739","article-title":"Carotid plaque score for stroke and cardiovascular risk prediction in a middle-aged cohort from the general population","volume":"12","author":"Ihle-Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003498","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores in cardiovascular risk prediction: a cohort study and modelling analyses. Hindy G, ed","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01382-0","article-title":"Association of the stress hyperglycemia ratio with coronary artery disease complexity as assessed by the SYNTAX score in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60584-8","article-title":"Enhancing cardiovascular risk prediction through AI-enabled calcium-omics","volume":"14","author":"Hoori","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000543500","article-title":"Association of liver fibrosis markers with mortality outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease: insights from the NHANES 1999\u20132018 data","volume":"15","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58229","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3555543","article-title":"State-of-the-art in responsible, explainable, and fair AI for medical image analysis","volume":"13","author":"Amirian","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2502.16841","article-title":"Fair foundation models for medical image analysis: challenges and perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Queiroz","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans Comput Healthc"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.9734\/ajrcos\/2025\/v18i5653","article-title":"Quantum-enhanced federated learning for ethical medical image analysis","volume":"18","author":"Alahmar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Asian J Res Comput Sci"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging11060174","article-title":"A study on energy consumption in AI-driven medical image segmentation","volume":"11","author":"Prajwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Imaging"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.18.20171","article-title":"Breast arterial calcification in the mammogram report: the patient perspective","volume":"212","author":"Margolies","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2875","article-title":"Evaluation of the pooled cohort risk equations for cardiovascular risk prediction in a multiethnic cohort from the women\u2019s health initiative","volume":"178","author":"Mora","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.036","article-title":"Impact of statins on serial coronary calcification during atheroma progression and regression","volume":"65","author":"Puri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1860391\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:19:13Z","timestamp":1789719553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1860391\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1860391"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1860391","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"article-number":"1860391"}}