{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:47:50Z","timestamp":1782366470229,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the intensive care unit (ICU) face a significantly elevated risk of mortality. Therefore, timely and accurate risk stratification is critical for guiding clinical decision-making. However, validated interpretable prediction models for short-term mortality in patients with both AMI and COPD remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively extracted data from the MIMIC-IV database (version 3.1) and identified ICU patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. Five machine learning models were developed and compared: eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression (LR), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost). Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration was evaluated with calibration curves, and clinical utility was examined using decision curve analysis (DCA). In addition, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis was used to provide interpretable visualization of model predictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 662 ICU patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were included, of whom 185 (27.9%) died within 28 days of hospital admission. Among the five machine learning models, the logistic regression (LR) model demonstrated superior discriminative performance, with an AUC of 0.782 in the validation cohort. The AUCs of the other models were 0.739 for XGBoost, 0.761 for LightGBM, 0.767 for GBDT, and 0.764 for AdaBoost. In addition, the LR model demonstrated good calibration and clinical utility. Eight variables were ultimately selected to build the prediction model, including age, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sepsis,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -blocker use (BB), and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI or ARB). SHAP analysis was subsequently applied to identify key predictors and enhance model interpretability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using the logistic regression (LR), we developed a predictive model for 28-day in-hospital all-cause mortality in ICU patients with AMI and COPD. This model may help clinicians identify high-risk patients at an early stage, enabling more informed treatment decisions and more efficient allocation of medical resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1863785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:30:26Z","timestamp":1782365426000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A machine learning model for predicting short-term in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Weibin","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieli","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhangzhou Health Vocational College","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxiong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujiao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University","place":["Zhangzhou, Fujian, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2866","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf289","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes: mechanisms, challenges, and new opportunities","volume":"46","author":"Kraler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001209","article-title":"2024 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association","volume":"149","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa575","article-title":"2020 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation","volume":"42","author":"Collet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320","article-title":"2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: task force for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"37","author":"Roffi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000001168","article-title":"2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"148","author":"Virani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjacc\/zuaf118","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Jortveit","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5907","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165907","article-title":"Long-term impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation on post-acute myocardial infarction long-term all-cause mortality: insights from the SAMI III project","volume":"14","author":"Shiyovich","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm2501025","article-title":"Global insights into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 6,400,000 patients","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190139","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0139-2019","article-title":"COPD And acute myocardial infarction","volume":"29","author":"Goedemans","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e097851","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-097851","article-title":"Prevalence of microspirometry-detected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two European cohorts of patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Parker","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8725","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108725","article-title":"The role of smoking in the mechanisms of development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Kotlyarov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20406223251314286","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223251314286","article-title":"Biological pathways and mechanisms linking COPD and cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Ragnoli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200406-035MS","article-title":"Systemic response to ambient particulate matter: relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"2","author":"van Eeden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.62347\/zhgd4216","article-title":"Effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yue","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37483","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037483","article-title":"Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with poor clinical outcomes in COPD: a novel phenotype","volume":"7","author":"Agust\u00ed","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.2.326","article-title":"Systemic inflammation in patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"130","author":"Joppa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04091-0","article-title":"COPD Airway epithelial cells-derived extracellular vesicles contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis via the miR-141-3p\/PDCD4 axis","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf086","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular events according to the severity of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"32","author":"Zysman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.01.016","article-title":"Risk trajectory of cardiovascular events after an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Pirera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2029","article-title":"Increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following exacerbation of COPD","volume":"137","author":"Donaldson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.S438893","article-title":"Risk of death and cardiovascular events following an exacerbation of COPD: the EXACOS-CV US study","volume":"19","author":"Daniels","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.04.005","article-title":"Clinical and economic burden of patients diagnosed with COPD with comorbid cardiovascular disease","volume":"105","author":"Dalal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2024.03.202638","article-title":"Influence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on hospital outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Frolov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01899-x","article-title":"MIMIC-IV, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2010-288","article-title":"Boruta\u2013a system for feature selection","volume":"101","author":"Kursa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fundam Inform"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38985.646481.55","article-title":"Prediction of risk of death and myocardial infarction in the six months after presentation with acute coronary syndrome: prospective multinational observational study (GRACE)","volume":"333","author":"Fox","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.7.835","article-title":"The TIMI risk score for unstable angina\/non-ST elevation MI: a method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making","volume":"284","author":"Antman","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2025-223770","article-title":"Development and validation of PRECISE-X model: predicting first severe exacerbation in COPD","volume":"81","author":"Sadatsafavi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-2024-1992","article-title":"Analysis of risk factors and development of predictive model for acute myocardial injury in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"17","author":"Qi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.18087\/cardio.2020.5.n1020","article-title":"Prediction of long-term adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with coronary artery disease and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"60","author":"Zafiraki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kardiologiia"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309359","article-title":"Predicting mortality after acute coronary syndromes in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"102","author":"Rothnie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-02704-6","article-title":"A simple clinical risk score (ABCDMP) for predicting mortality in patients with AECOPD and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-09605-8","article-title":"Development and validation of a BMI stratified mortality prediction model for patients with COPD complicated by HF using the MIMIC-IV database","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4027","DOI":"10.2147\/rmhp.S566696","article-title":"Remnant cholesterol inflammatory index for predicting heart failure risk in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study using multiple machine learning approaches","volume":"18","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2021.07.058","article-title":"Predicting survived events in nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a comparison study on machine learning and regression models","volume":"61","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-024-02454-5","article-title":"The proper application of logistic regression model in complex survey data: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Dey","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm196609012750903","article-title":"Activation of serum lactic dehydrogenase","volume":"275","author":"Cohen","year":"1966","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.5.774","article-title":"Kulbertus: does lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-5 contribute to the predictive power of total lactate dehydrogenase in myocardial infarction?","volume":"29","author":"Chapelle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14536-5","article-title":"Cell viability measured by cytotoxicity assay as a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation: a prospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2007.05.013","article-title":"Serum blood urea nitrogen and long-term mortality in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"127","author":"Aronson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2025.09.019","article-title":"Blood urea nitrogen-to-left ventricular ejection fraction ratio as a prognostic indicator in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: clinical utility as a mortality marker","volume":"75","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2026","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.S503228","article-title":"Association between blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio and mortality in critically ill patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43924","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-27653-y","article-title":"Low levels of serum albumin and blood basophils as 10-year mortality predictors in a nationwide Korean COPD cohort","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.168060","article-title":"The aging interactome: from cellular dysregulation to therapeutic frontiers in age-related diseases","volume":"1872","author":"Abo Qoura","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90008-y","article-title":"Is age an independent predictor of early and late mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction?","volume":"92","author":"Rich","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.2147\/copd.S539806","article-title":"Five-year survival and associated factors in COPD patients in Colombia: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Faizal-Gomez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.057661","article-title":"Central command: control of cardiac sympathetic and vagal efferent nerve activity and the arterial baroreflex during spontaneous motor behaviour in animals","volume":"97","author":"Matsukawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12248","article-title":"A tale of two mechanisms: a meta-analytic approach toward understanding the autonomic basis of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress","volume":"51","author":"Brindle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1113\/jp270053","article-title":"State-dependent control of breathing by the retrotrapezoid nucleus","volume":"593","author":"Burke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04957-5","article-title":"Admission heart rate and in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction: a contemporary analysis of the MIMIC-III cohort","volume":"25","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211855","article-title":"Biomarkers and clinical outcomes in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Fermont","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs420","article-title":"Respiratory rate predicts outcome after acute myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Barthel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.9.708","article-title":"Non-invasive ventilation in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long term survival and predictors of in-hospital outcome","volume":"56","author":"Plant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-214206","article-title":"Beta-blocker use and acute exacerbations of COPD following myocardial infarction: a Danish nationwide cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.04.039","article-title":"Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"47","author":"Mancini","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1863785\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T05:30:28Z","timestamp":1782365428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1863785\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1863785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1863785","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"article-number":"1863785"}}