{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:04:15Z","timestamp":1790661855877,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social determinants of health (SDoH)- conditions in which patients live, grow, and age,\u2014are increasingly recognized to influence the health of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the impact of SDoH on short-term mortality and morbidity, interstage outcomes, and resource utilization, among patients following congenital heart surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Evidence review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was completed according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies evaluating the association of SDoH with surgical outcomes of pediatric and adult CHD patients were identified from five databases queried including PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PYSCINFO, and Cochrane between January 1999 and February 2024. Inclusion criteria incorporated prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses, secondary analyses of prospectively collected trial data, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies. Subsequent reference searches identified 39 related articles. SDoH included patient and neighborhood level metrics. Two independent reviewers screened studies for full-text review, with data extraction by an expert panel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1,224 studies identified, 157 articles underwent full-text review and 121 were ultimately selected for data extraction. Eighty-Five articles did not address acute postoperative outcomes and were excluded. Thirty-six studies focused on acute or interstage outcomes following congenital heart surgery and served as the source information. The remainder were retrospective cohort studies using various databases. The number of study participants ranged from 98 to 174,352 (median\u2009=\u20096,979). Factors found to be linked with greater likelihood of in-hospital mortality included Black race, Hispanic\/Latino ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, and lower neighborhood socioeconomic status. Both individual and neighborhood level determinants were associated with longer interstage periods, higher complication rates, as well as greater resource utilization and hospital readmissions. Two critical timespans for intervention to reduce inequities in care were the neonatal period and young adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SDoH impact both acute and interstage outcomes in patients following surgery for CHD. Developing interventions to increase access to and engagement with quality care and out-of-hospital support may improve both short-term outcomes and reduce systems-level financial burden.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Systematic Review Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1881839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:50:16Z","timestamp":1790661016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of social determinants of health on perioperative and interstage outcomes in congenital heart surgery a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Sakowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California","place":["Los Angeles, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Services, Nemours Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Orlando, FL, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine","place":["Orlando, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, MD, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla S.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine","place":["New York, NY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Shahian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Thoracic Surgery, University of California, Davis","place":["Sacramento, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Aughtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University","place":["Norfolk, VA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan","place":["Ann Arbor, MI, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School","place":["Boston, MA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Beaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nemours Children\u2019s Health, Delaware Valley","place":["Wilmington, DE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah","place":["Salt Lake City, UT, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Kozik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville","place":["Louisville, KY, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn J.","family":"Pelletier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine","place":["Stanford, CA, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017704","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017704","article-title":"Survival in children with congenital heart disease","volume":"9","author":"Mandalenakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B3","year":""},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.10.027","article-title":"Sociodemographic indices in pediatric heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Lopez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e454","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000936","article-title":"Call to action: structural racism as a fundamental driver of health disparities","volume":"142","author":"Churchwell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026940","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026940","article-title":"Social determinants of cardiovascular health: a longitudinal analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality in US counties from 2009 to 2018","volume":"12","author":"Son","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025581","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025581","article-title":"Social determinants of cardiovascular risk, subclinical cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular events","volume":"12","author":"Acquah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e006752","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.006752","article-title":"Social determinants of health improve predictive accuracy of clinical risk models for cardiovascular hospitalization, annual cost, and death","volume":"13","author":"Hammond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0221-z","article-title":"Racial and insurance disparities in hospital mortality for children undergoing congenital heart surgery","volume":"33","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2021.04.008","article-title":"Characterizing socioeconomic and racial disparities in congenital heart disease","volume":"113","author":"Karamlou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.05.124","article-title":"Effect of sex and race on outcome in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery","volume":"94","author":"DiBardino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.01.060","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in post-operative mortality following congenital heart surgery","volume":"159","author":"Oster","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12475","article-title":"Current trends in racial, ethnic, and healthcare disparities associated with pediatric cardiac surgery outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Peterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.06.015","article-title":"Association between race\/ethnicity, illness severity, and mortality in children undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"160","author":"Tjoeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-03087-5","article-title":"Racial disparity: the adult congenital heart disease surgery perspective","volume":"45","author":"Bhamidipati","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113734","article-title":"Racial disparities in failure to rescue after pediatric heart surgeries in the US","volume":"264","author":"Alabbadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2022.03.017","article-title":"Race-based disparities in access to surgical palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"172","author":"Williamson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09668-1","article-title":"Does universal insurance influence disparities in high-quality hospital use for inpatient pediatric congenital heart defect care within the first year of diagnosis?","volume":"23","author":"El-Amin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.02.103","article-title":"Racial variations in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use following congenital heart surgery","volume":"156","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.11.020","article-title":"Racial disparities in failure-to-rescue among children undergoing congenital heart surgery","volume":"166","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.03.065","article-title":"Evaluation of failure to rescue as a quality metric in pediatric heart surgery: an analysis of the STS congenital heart surgery database","volume":"94","author":"Pasquali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-017-0384-7","article-title":"Healthcare disparities in outcomes of a metropolitan congenital heart surgery center: the effect of clinical and socioeconomic factors","volume":"5","author":"Peterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1167064","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic status and length of stay after congenital heart disease surgery","volume":"11","author":"Vashist","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-002-0243-z","article-title":"Risk of death for medicaid recipients undergoing congenital heart surgery","volume":"24","author":"DeMone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1271","article-title":"The impact of managed care insurance on use of lower-mortality hospitals by children undergoing cardiac surgery in California","volume":"105","author":"Erickson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.01.016","article-title":"Intermediate-term mortality and cardiac transplantation in infants with single-ventricle lesions: risk factors and their interaction with shunt type","volume":"144","author":"Tweddell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026764","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026764","article-title":"Impact of neighborhood socioeconomic status on outcomes following first-stage palliation of single ventricle heart disease","volume":"12","author":"Sengupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.10.040","article-title":"Associations between socioeconomic context and congenital heart disease related outcomes in adolescents and adults","volume":"139","author":"Tillman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.114000","article-title":"Associations between child opportunity index and pediatric cardiac surgical outcomes","volume":"270","author":"Kolwaite","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.113464","article-title":"Insight into the role of the child opportunity index on surgical outcomes in congenital heart disease","volume":"259","author":"Mayourian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.05.069","article-title":"Neighborhood childhood opportunity, race\/ethnicity, and surgical outcomes in children with congenital heart disease","volume":"82","author":"Duong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20201240","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1240","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and long-term outcomes in single ventricle heart disease","volume":"146","author":"Bucholz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.05.020","article-title":"Interstage mortality after the Norwood procedure: results of the multicenter single ventricle reconstruction trial","volume":"144","author":"Ghanayem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1241-2","article-title":"Risk factors for interstage mortality following the Norwood procedure: impact of sociodemographic factors","volume":"37","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-021-02763-2","article-title":"Socioeconomic impact on outcomes during the first year of life of patients with single ventricle heart disease: an analysis of the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative Registry","volume":"43","author":"de Loizaga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075","article-title":"Low parental socioeconomic position results in longer post-Norwood length of stay","volume":"163","author":"Spigel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-024-03451-7","article-title":"Socioeconomic influences on outcomes following congenital heart disease surgery","volume":"45","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060030","article-title":"Contemporary socioeconomic and childhood opportunity disparities in congenital heart surgery","volume":"146","author":"Sengupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026627","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026627","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic status and residence distance on infant heart disease outcomes in Canada","volume":"11","author":"Olugbuyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009981","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.009981","article-title":"Disparities in 1-year-mortality in infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease: insights from contemporary national data","volume":"16","author":"Steurer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003711","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis, birth location, surgical center, and neonatal mortality in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00105-X","article-title":"Geographical variation in infant mortality due to congenital heart disease in the USA","volume":"5","author":"Udine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.05.047","article-title":"Risk factors for readmission after neonatal cardiac surgery","volume":"78","author":"Mackie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135119895212","article-title":"Beyond 30 days: analysis of unplanned readmissions during the first year following congenital heart surgery","volume":"11","author":"Lushaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.09.038","article-title":"Social risk factors impact hospital readmission and outpatient appointment adherence for children with congenital heart disease","volume":"205","author":"Demianczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12433","article-title":"Readmissions after adult congenital heart surgery: frequency and risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025358","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025358","article-title":"Addressing social determinants of health and mitigating health disparities across the lifespan in congenital heart disease","volume":"11","author":"Lopez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.053062","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, and geography on prenatal detection of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and transposition of the great arteries","volume":"143","author":"Krishnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.802868","article-title":"Association of socioeconomic position and medical insurance with fetal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease","volume":"2","author":"Peiris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e993","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0549","article-title":"A road map to address the social determinants of health through community collaboration","volume":"136","author":"Henize","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2011.00509.x","article-title":"Variation in interstage outpatient care after the Norwood procedure: a report from the Joint Council on Congenital Heart Disease National Quality Improvement Collaborative","volume":"6","author":"Schidlow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02993-y","article-title":"Initial experience with telemedicine for interstage monitoring in infants with palliated congenital heart disease","volume":"44","author":"Stagg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e030029","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030029","article-title":"Neighborhood social vulnerability and interstage weight gain: evaluating the role of a home monitoring program","volume":"12","author":"Shustak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e031069","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031069","article-title":"Association between remote monitoring and interstage morbidity and death in patients with single-ventricle heart disease across socioeconomic groups","volume":"12","author":"Cherestal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2021.04.014","article-title":"State of the science of care coordination, rurality, and well-being for infants with single ventricle heart disease in the interstage period, an integrative review","volume":"50","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2016.08.011","article-title":"Risk factors for unanticipated readmissions during the interstage","volume":"28","author":"Hanke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaa074","article-title":"In-hospital interstage improves interstage survival after the Norwood stage 1 operation","volume":"57","author":"Michielon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.11.001","article-title":"Development of a validated risk score for interstage death or transplant after stage I palliation for single-ventricle heart disease","volume":"160","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23262","article-title":"Pediatric inpatient hospital resource use for congenital heart defects","volume":"100","author":"Simeone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birt Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-022-00710-1","article-title":"Applying interventions to address the social determinants of health and reduce health disparities in congenital heart disease patients","volume":"16","author":"Cherestal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.11.003","article-title":"Hospital readmissions in children with congenital heart disease: a population-based study","volume":"155","author":"Mackie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2023.02.008","article-title":"Are parent discharge readiness scores effective for patients with congenital heart disease after cardiac surgery?","volume":"257","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951123000033","article-title":"Association of race and ethnicity with resource utilization among children with CHD: an evaluation of the National Health Interview Survey, 2010\u20132018","volume":"33","author":"Reddy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.051","article-title":"Changes in hospitalization patterns among patients with congenital heart disease during the transition from adolescence to adulthood","volume":"49","author":"Gurvitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12476","article-title":"Is low health literacy associated with increased emergency department utilization and recidivism?","volume":"21","author":"Griffey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22541","article-title":"Trends in the burden of adult congenital heart disease in US emergency departments","volume":"39","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1267-5","article-title":"Provision of transition education and referral patterns from pediatric cardiology to adult cardiac care","volume":"37","author":"Harbison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0230","article-title":"Improving asthma outcomes in minority children: a randomized controlled trial of parent mentors","volume":"124","author":"Flores","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20153519","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3519","article-title":"Parent mentors and insuring uninsured children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Flores","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"B70","year":""},{"key":"B71","year":""},{"key":"B72","year":""},{"key":"B73","year":""},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13133","article-title":"Adjusting for social risk factors impacts performance and penalties in the hospital readmissions reduction program","volume":"54","author":"Joynt Maddox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1881839\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:50:17Z","timestamp":1790661017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1881839\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1881839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1881839","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"article-number":"1881839"}}