{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:05:11Z","timestamp":1789707911093,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Adminitrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of mortality in the United States, yet it remains unclear whether postpandemic recovery patterns differ across population subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using CDC WONDER data (1999\u20132023), we analyzed IHD deaths among US adults aged \u226525\u2005years. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were stratified by sex, race\/ethnicity, urbanization, and region; crude mortality rates (CMRs) by age. Urban\u2013rural analyses were restricted to 1999\u20132020. Joinpoint regression estimated temporal trends, and tests of parallelism assessed between-group differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 10,200,362 IHD deaths, overall AAMRs declined from 300.8 to 127.07 per 100,000 (average annual percent change, AAPC\u2009=\u2009\u22123.51;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), with the fastest decline during 2021\u20132023 (APC\u2009=\u2009\u22125.59). Males had higher AAMRs than females (245.58 vs. 138.69;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Non-Hispanic (NH) Black individuals had the highest AAMR (217.58). The steepest age-specific CMR decline occurred at 75\u201384\u2005years (AAPC\u2009=\u2009\u22124.04). Metropolitan areas had lower AAMRs than non-metropolitan areas (189.07 vs. 212.60;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Pairwise tests confirmed significant trend differences across most subgroups (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), except NH Other vs. NH White (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.396).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite sustained IHD mortality declines, significant disparities persist across demographic and geographic subgroups, supporting targeted prevention for high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1883973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:30:40Z","timestamp":1789705840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ischemic heart disease mortality trends and disparities in US adults from 1999 to 2023: a CDC WONDER analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University","place":["Beijing, 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