{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:54:49Z","timestamp":1791273289363,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Cardiovasc. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in early non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) remains a major clinical challenge. Traditional risk stratification centred on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) poorly captures arrhythmic risk, particularly in early dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC). Increasing recognition of fibrosis-based and genotype-specific arrhythmogenic substrates has prompted a shift towards multimodal risk assessment strategies integrating imaging, electrocardiographic, and genetic data. This review examines contemporary approaches to risk stratification in early NICM, with particular emphasis on the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). The expanding role of genotype-specific phenotyping is also explored, including high-risk arrhythmogenic variants and the integration of genotype with imaging phenotype as a promising route to improved prediction. Collectively, these advances support a transition from population-based LVEF thresholds towards more personalised and biologically informed strategies for prevention of SCD in early NICM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1890904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:38:49Z","timestamp":1791272329000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk stratification in early non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy: the interplay of genetics and cardiac imaging"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Kasiakogias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Tsampras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freideriki-Eleni","family":"Kourti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Kordalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexios","family":"Antonopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Leontsinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Vlachopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantina","family":"Aggeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tsioufis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","place":["Athens, Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","article-title":"2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies","volume":"44","author":"Arbelo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1109-9666(24)00268-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2024.12.005","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy discharged from Spanish hospitals","volume":"20","author":"Esteban-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.058","article-title":"Emerging techniques for risk stratification in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. JACC Review Topic of the Week","volume":"75","author":"Marrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3037","article-title":"Phenotype, outcomes and natural history of early-stage non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"25","author":"Hammersley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41087-4","article-title":"Impact of late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI on arrhythmic and mortality outcomes in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Theerasuwipakorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3403","article-title":"Prognostic implications of genotype findings in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a network meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Anastasiou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.1363","article-title":"Association of fibrosis with mortality and sudden cardiac death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"309","author":"Gulati","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321116","article-title":"State of the art: multimodality imaging in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"108","author":"Halliday","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2025.101853","article-title":"Society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance reference values (\u201cnormal values\u201d) in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: 2025 update","volume":"27","author":"Kawel-Boehm","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2025.12.017","article-title":"The nondilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy phenotype: arrhythmic prognosis and differences with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"262","author":"Milaras","year":"2026","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv727","article-title":"Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases","volume":"37","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003441","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2025-003441","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance comparison of non-dilated and dilated cardiomyopathy: imaging features and prognostic predictors in non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Zhuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez188","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive genotype-imaging phenotype study","volume":"21","author":"Augusto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037230","article-title":"Sudden death and left ventricular involvement in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"139","author":"Miles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C144","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad017","article-title":"Scarring\/arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"25","author":"Corrado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.085761","article-title":"Management of patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e895","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"145","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315942","article-title":"Arrhythmic risk stratification in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy beyond ejection fraction","volume":"106","author":"Cannat\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013474","article-title":"Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"346","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412503","article-title":"A randomized study of the prevention of sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"341","author":"Buxton","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043399","article-title":"Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter\u2013defibrillator for congestive heart failure","volume":"352","author":"Bardy","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608029","article-title":"Defibrillator implantation in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure","volume":"375","author":"K\u00f8ber","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056072","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of DANISH (the Danish study to assess the efficacy of ICDs in patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure on mortality)","volume":"145","author":"Yafasova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.089","article-title":"Long-term effect of ICDs in nonischemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"86","author":"Butt","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012350.99718.AD","article-title":"Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"105","author":"B\u00e4nsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.02.006","article-title":"Efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"3","author":"Narayanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01343-9","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death prediction in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a multiparametric and dynamic approach","volume":"22","author":"Hammersley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C137","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suad016","article-title":"New perspectives in diagnosis and risk stratification of non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"25","author":"Pio Loco detto Gava","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz260","article-title":"Arrhythmic risk stratification in post-myocardial infarction patients with preserved ejection fraction: the PRESERVE EF study","volume":"40","author":"Gatzoulis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2020.03.008","article-title":"Arrhythmic risk stratification in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: the ReCONSIDER study design\u2014a two-step, multifactorial, electrophysiology-inclusive approach","volume":"62","author":"Gatzoulis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3168","article-title":"Role of arrhythmic phenotype in prognostic stratification and management of dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"26","author":"Setti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002149","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002149","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic phenotype in dilated cardiomyopathy: natural history and predictors of life-threatening arrhythmias","volume":"4","author":"Spezzacatene","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-019-1236-3","article-title":"Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"21","author":"Akhtar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01241-2","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy: causes, mechanisms, and current and future treatment approaches","volume":"402","author":"Heymans","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.02.041","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging characterization and clinical outcomes of dilated and arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathies","volume":"83","author":"Castrichini","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead184","article-title":"Late gadolinium enhancement distribution patterns in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: genotype\u2013phenotype correlation","volume":"25","author":"de Frutos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.13946","article-title":"Risk stratification in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy using CMR imaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"332","author":"Eichhorn","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.09.017","article-title":"Late gadolinium enhancement and the risk for ventricular arrhythmias or sudden death in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"5","author":"Di Marco","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf043","article-title":"Cardiac magnEtic resonance for prophylactic implantable cardioVerter defibrillAtor ThErapy in non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy: a sub-study from the DERIVATE registry","volume":"26","author":"Leo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"euaf214","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euaf214","article-title":"Prediction of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death by quantification and location of late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Jensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"EP Eur"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.07.015","article-title":"Outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy related to the extent, location, and pattern of late gadolinium enhancement","volume":"12","author":"Halliday","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.04.030","article-title":"Improved risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"77","author":"Di Marco","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026910","article-title":"Association between midwall late gadolinium enhancement and sudden cardiac death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and mild and moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"135","author":"Halliday","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e010105","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.010105","article-title":"Prognostic value of late gadolinium enhancement for the prediction of cardiovascular outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy: an international, multi-institutional study of the MINICOR group","volume":"13","author":"Alba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.06.046","article-title":"Arrhythmic risk stratification by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"84","author":"Hammersley","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2026.17078","article-title":"Cardiovascular magnetic resonance to guide defibrillator implantation for LVEF of 36% to 50%: the CMR GUIDE randomized clinical trial","author":"Selvanayagam","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.08.039","article-title":"Association of genetic variants with outcomes in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"78","author":"Escobar-Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.06.072","article-title":"Genetic risk of arrhythmic phenotypes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"74","author":"Gigli","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3040","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehag159","article-title":"Genetic counselling implementation in dilated cardiomyopathy: a clinical consensus statement of the heart failure association of the ESC, the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases, and the ESC council on cardiovascular genomics","volume":"47","author":"Verdonschot","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","article-title":"2022 ESC guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: developed by the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) endorsed by the association for European paediatric and congenital cardiology (AEPC)","volume":"43","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.04.035","article-title":"LMNA variants and risk of adult-onset cardiac disease","volume":"80","author":"Lazarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.08.078","article-title":"Risk factors for malignant ventricular arrhythmias in lamin A\/C mutation carriers","volume":"59","author":"van Rijsingen","year":"2012","journal-title":"JACC"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039410","article-title":"Development and validation of a new risk prediction score for life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in laminopathies","volume":"140","author":"Wahbi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.06.042","article-title":"Septal midwall late gadolinium enhancement in ischemic cardiomyopathy and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy-characteristics and prognosis","volume":"201","author":"Becker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.06.014","article-title":"Ventricular tachycardia ablation in nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"4","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae571","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes in carriers of pathogenic desmoplakin variants","volume":"46","author":"Gasperetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2020.04.014","article-title":"A novel desmoplakin mutation associated with left dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and cutaneous phenotype","volume":"62","author":"Efthimiadis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-021-10172-z","article-title":"Filamin C in cardiomyopathy: from physiological roles to DNA variants","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ytae111","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytae111","article-title":"Pathogenic truncating filamin C mutations presenting as acute myocarditis: a case series with insights from cardiac magnetic resonance and histological analysis","volume":"8","author":"Vrettos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2017.12.003","article-title":"Filamin C truncation mutations are associated with arrhythmogenic dilated cardiomyopathy and changes in the cell\u2013cell adhesion structures","volume":"4","author":"Begay","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2017.08.003","article-title":"Recurrent viral myocarditis: the emerging link toward dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"59","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae409","article-title":"A novel tool for arrhythmic risk stratification in desmoplakin gene variant carriers","volume":"45","author":"Carrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2024.5543","article-title":"Arrhythmic risk stratification of carriers of filamin C truncating variants","volume":"10","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.08.004","article-title":"Possible causes and clinical relevance of a \u201cring-like\u201d late gadolinium enhancement pattern","volume":"17","author":"Bietenbeck","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e004878","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.124.004878","article-title":"Natural history, phenotype spectrum, and clinical outcomes of desmin (DES)-associated cardiomyopathy","volume":"18","author":"Asatryan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Genomic Precis Med"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.02.031","article-title":"Phenotype and clinical outcomes in desmin-related arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"10","author":"Bermudez-Jimenez","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2026.0401","article-title":"RBM20 truncating variants and human cardiomyopathy","volume":"11","author":"Floyd","year":"2026","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.031947","article-title":"RBM20 mutations induce an arrhythmogenic dilated cardiomyopathy related to disturbed calcium handling","volume":"138","author":"van Den Hoogenhof","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.123.004059","article-title":"Risks of ventricular arrhythmia and heart failure in carriers of RBM20 variants","volume":"16","author":"Cannie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Genomic Precis Med"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey047","article-title":"Myocardial fibrosis as an early feature in phospholamban p.Arg14del mutation carriers: phenotypic insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"20","author":"te Rijdt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab294","article-title":"Prediction of ventricular arrhythmia in phospholamban p.Arg14del mutation carriers\u2013reaching the frontiers of individual risk prediction","volume":"42","author":"Verstraelen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"euae069","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae069","article-title":"Long-term reliability of the phospholamban (PLN) p.(Arg14del) risk model in predicting major ventricular arrhythmia: a landmark study","volume":"26","author":"van Der Heide","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaf124","article-title":"Late gadolinium enhancement dispersion for predicting malignant arrhythmic events in patient with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"26","author":"Aquaro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e040517","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.040517","article-title":"Fibrosis entropy is associated with life-threatening arrhythmia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"14","author":"Hammersley","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15279","article-title":"T1 mapping and major cardiovascular events in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Marchini","year":"2025","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeac142","article-title":"Extracellular volume fraction improves risk-stratification for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Di Marco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J\u2014Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-023-00919-y","article-title":"Prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"25","author":"Cadour","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.03.014","article-title":"T1 mapping tissue heterogeneity provides improved risk stratification for ICDs without needing gadolinium in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"13","author":"Nakamori","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101684","article-title":"Radiomic cardiac MRI signatures for predicting ventricular arrhythmias in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"4","author":"Amyar","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061997","article-title":"Left ventricular geometry and replacement fibrosis detected by cMRI are associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"9","author":"Cojan-Minzat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-021-00829-x","article-title":"Myocardial mechanics in dilated cardiomyopathy: prognostic value of left ventricular torsion and strain","volume":"23","author":"Ochs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.01.016","article-title":"Left atrial strain has superior prognostic value to ventricular function and delayed-enhancement in dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Raafs","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003672","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.121.003672","article-title":"Variant location is a novel risk factor for individuals with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to a desmoplakin (DSP) truncating variant","volume":"16","author":"Hoorntje","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ Genomic Precis Med"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2514","article-title":"Combination of late gadolinium enhancement and genotype improves prediction of prognosis in non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Mirelis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"xuag161","DOI":"10.1093\/ejhf\/xuag161","article-title":"Risk models for sudden cardiac death in cardiomyopathies: clinical, methodological and ethical challenges","volume":"10","author":"Antonopoulos","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf477","article-title":"Major arrhythmias in non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy: a novel prediction score","volume":"47","author":"Peretto","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65357-x","article-title":"Multimodal explainable artificial intelligence identifies patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy at risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"14","author":"Kolk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hroo.2025.07.020","article-title":"Leveraging artificial intelligence for risk stratification of inherited cardiomyopathies in under-resourced settings","volume":"6","author":"Alahwany","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm O2"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1890904\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:38:49Z","timestamp":1791272329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1890904\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":88,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1890904"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1890904","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-055X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2297-055X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"article-number":"1890904"}}