{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:02:15Z","timestamp":1790485335418,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Expanding whole blood sample collection for transcriptome analysis beyond traditional phlebotomy clinics will open new frontiers for remote immune research and telemedicine. Determining the stability of RNA in blood samples exposed to high ambient temperatures (&amp;gt;30\u00b0C) is necessary for deploying home-sampling in settings with elevated temperatures (e.g., studying physiological response to natural disasters that occur in warm locations or in the summer). Recently, we have developed\n                    <jats:italic>home<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA, a technology that allows for self-blood sampling and RNA stabilization remotely.\n                    <jats:italic>home<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA consists of a lancet-based blood collection device, the Tasso-SST\u2122 which collects up to 0.5 ml of blood from the upper arm, and a custom-built stabilization transfer tube containing RNA\n                    <jats:italic>later\u2122<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this study, we investigated the robustness of our\n                    <jats:italic>home<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA kit in high temperature settings via two small pilot studies in Doha, Qatar (no. participants\u2009=\u20098), and the Western and South Central USA during the summer of 2021, which included a heatwave of unusually high temperatures in some locations (no. participants\u2009=\u200911). Samples collected from participants in Doha were subjected to rapid external temperature fluctuations from being moved to and from air-conditioned areas and extreme heat environments (up to 41\u00b0C external temperature during brief temperature spikes). In the USA pilot study, regions varied in outdoor temperature highs (between 25\u00b0C and 43.4\u00b0C). All samples that returned a RNA integrity number (RIN) value from the Doha, Qatar group had a RIN \u22657.0, a typical integrity threshold for downstream transcriptomics analysis. RIN values for the Western and South Central USA samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912 samples) ranged from 6.9\u20138.7 with 9 out of 12 samples reporting RINs \u22657.0. Overall, our pilot data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>home<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA can be used in some regions that experience elevated temperatures, opening up new geographical frontiers in disseminated transcriptome analysis for applications critical to telemedicine, global health, and expanded clinical research. Further studies, including our ongoing work in Qatar, USA, and Thailand, will continue to test the robustness of\n                    <jats:italic>home<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.903153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T02:40:42Z","timestamp":1660012842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["At-home blood collection and stabilization in high temperature climates using homeRNA"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Lauren G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Haack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dakota S.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen N.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Stolarczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meg G.","family":"Takezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Berthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanitta","family":"Thongpang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang Yun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Chaussabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Garand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashleigh B.","family":"Theberge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.08.003","article-title":"The peripheral-blood transcriptome: new insights into disease and risk assessment","volume":"13","author":"Mohr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2015.03.002","article-title":"Assessment of immune status using blood transcriptomics and potential implications for global health","volume":"27","author":"Chaussabel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-007-9004-7","article-title":"The use of transcriptomic biomarkers for personalized medicine","volume":"12","author":"Heidecker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14424","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703652104","article-title":"Analysis of potential transcriptomic biomarkers for Huntington's Disease in peripheral blood","volume":"104","author":"Runne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6635925","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6635925","article-title":"Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing reveals significant differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs and related regulating biological pathways in the peripheral blood of COVID-19 patients","volume":"2021","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lab.2005.10.005","article-title":"The peripheral blood transcriptome dynamically reflects system wide biology: a potential diagnostic tool","volume":"147","author":"Liew","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.10","article-title":"Translating RNA sequencing into clinical diagnostics: opportunities and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Byron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2144\/BTN-2020-0088","article-title":"A clinically validated human capillary blood transcriptome test for global systems biology studies","volume":"69","author":"Toma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.37","article-title":"Novel biomarkers in chronic heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37708","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037708","article-title":"The peripheral blood transcriptome identifies the presence and extent of disease in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-016-0211-6","article-title":"Transcriptomic segregation of human autoantigens useful for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases","volume":"20","author":"Burbelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2010.12.004","article-title":"Gene expression profiles in peripheral blood for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases","volume":"17","author":"Mesko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93059-1","article-title":"Multi-country evaluation of RISK6, a 6-gene blood transcriptomic signature, for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment monitoring","volume":"11","author":"Bayaa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14603","article-title":"Feasibility of a mail-in, self-administered dried blood spot collection method in national, population-based alcohol surveys in the United States","volume":"114","author":"Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-021-00997-6","article-title":"Serologic cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 with endemic and seasonal betacoronaviruses","volume":"41","author":"Hicks","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10030082","article-title":"Improved dried blood spot-based metabolomics: a targeted, broad-Spectrum, single-injection method","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-018-1395-z","article-title":"Quantitative metabolomics comparison of traditional blood draws and TAP capillary blood collection","volume":"14","author":"Catala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0194-1","article-title":"Microneedle-based device for the one-step painless collection of capillary blood samples","volume":"2","author":"Blicharz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2020-0119","article-title":"Virtual drug testing: redefining sample collection in a global pandemic","volume":"12","author":"Fedoruk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.04.028","article-title":"Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in university students: cross-sectional study, December 2020, England","volume":"83","author":"Vusirikala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2021-0027","article-title":"Assessment of low volume sampling technologies: utility in nonclinical and clinical studies","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"B22","author":"Tenhunen","year":""},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.1c02008","article-title":"homeRNA: a self-sampling kit for the collection of peripheral blood and stabilization of RNA","volume":"93","author":"Haack","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0184692","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184692","article-title":"The effects of storage temperature and duration of blood samples on DNA and RNA qualities","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-633","article-title":"Long-term storage of blood RNA collected in RNA stabilizing tempus tubes in a large biobank\u2013evaluation of RNA quality and stability","volume":"7","author":"Duale","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S158868","article-title":"Impact of RNA integrity and blood sample storage conditions on the gene expression analysis","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-7-3","article-title":"The RIN: an RNA integrity number for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements","volume":"7","author":"Schroeder","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Mol Biol"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.top084970","article-title":"RNA sequencing and analysis","volume":"2015","author":"Kukurba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Protoc"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-12-42","article-title":"RNA-seq: impact of RNA degradation on transcript quantification","volume":"12","author":"Gallego Romero","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004310","article-title":"Time-course gene set analysis for longitudinal gene expression data","volume":"11","author":"Hejblum","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.01.007","article-title":"Mammalian RNA decay pathways are highly specialized and widely linked to translation","volume":"77","author":"Tuck","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.23.485526","article-title":"At-home blood collection and stabilization in high temperature climates using homeRNA","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2022.903153\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T09:07:22Z","timestamp":1660208842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2022.903153\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdgth.2022.903153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2022.903153","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.03.23.485526","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2673-253X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-253X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"article-number":"903153"}}