{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:50:16Z","timestamp":1753890616552,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic life-limiting condition that affects multiple organs within the body. Patients must adhere to strict medication regimens, physiotherapy, diet, and attend regular clinic appointments to manage their condition effectively. This necessary but burdensome requirement has prompted investigations into how different digital health technologies can enhance current care by providing the opportunity to virtually monitor patients. This review explores how virtual monitoring has been harnessed for assessment or performance of physiotherapy\/exercise, diet\/nutrition, symptom monitoring, medication adherence, and wellbeing\/mental-health in people with CF. This review will also briefly discuss the potential future of CF virtual monitoring and some common barriers to its current adoption and implementation within CF. Due to the multifaceted nature of CF, it is anticipated that this review will be relevant to not only the CF community, but also those investigating and developing digital health solutions for the management of other chronic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1196442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T04:26:04Z","timestamp":1683174364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Virtual monitoring in CF \u2013 the importance of continuous monitoring in a multi-organ chronic condition"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Vagg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin F.","family":"Deasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy W.","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarath C.","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivanthan","family":"Shanthikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2008.09.007","article-title":"High treatment burden in adults with cystic fibrosis: challenges to disease self-management","volume":"8","author":"Sawicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000821","article-title":"Telehealth and virtual health monitoring in cystic fibrosis","volume":"27","author":"Vagg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2014.03.010","article-title":"European cystic fibrosis society standards of care: best practice guidelines","volume":"13","author":"Smyth","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1301-x","article-title":"A formative study exploring perceptions of physical activity and physical activity monitoring among children and young people with cystic fibrosis and health care professionals","volume":"18","author":"Shelley","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.11.002","article-title":"Steps ahead: optimising physical activity in adults with cystic fibrosis: a pilot randomised trial using wearable technology, goal setting and text message feedback","author":"Curran","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e039587","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039587","article-title":"Protocol for project fizzyo, an analytic longitudinal observational cohort study of physiotherapy for children and young people with cystic fibrosis, with interrupted time-series design","volume":"10","author":"Raywood","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0784-z","article-title":"Cyfit telehealth: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of an online outpatient physiotherapy service for children with cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Lang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0942-3","article-title":"A web-based intervention to promote physical activity in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis: protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Cox","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13061801","article-title":"Change in nutrient and dietary intake in European children with cystic fibrosis after a 6-month intervention with a self-management mHealth tool","volume":"13","author":"Calvo-Lerma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"year":"","key":"B10"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2022.07.013","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring versus self-monitoring of blood glucose in the management of cystic fibrosis related diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950120104","article-title":"The impact of home monitoring and daily diary recording on patient status in cystic fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2009.00147.x","article-title":"Real-time, once-daily monitoring of symptoms and FEV1 in cystic fibrosis patients\u2013a feasibility study using a novel device","volume":"4","author":"Sarfaraz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Respir J"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3109\/17538157.2013.812646","article-title":"Pilot evaluation of web enabled symptom monitoring in cystic fibrosis","volume":"38","author":"Roehrer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inform Health Soc Care"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X17723366","article-title":"High usability of a smartphone application for reporting symptoms in adults with cystic fibrosis","volume":"24","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201610-2172OC","article-title":"Home monitoring of patients with cystic fibrosis to identify and treat acute pulmonary exacerbations. eICE study results","volume":"196","author":"Lechtzin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2021.09.018","article-title":"The feasibility of home monitoring of young people with cystic fibrosis: results from CLIMB-CF","volume":"21","author":"Edmondson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213233","article-title":"Using digital technology for home monitoring, adherence and self-management in cystic fibrosis: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"Calthorpe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-020-00739-2","article-title":"Development of an intervention to increase adherence to nebuliser treatment in adults with cystic fibrosis: CFHealthHub","volume":"7","author":"Arden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16782","DOI":"10.2196\/16782","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of a web-based intervention with health professional support to increase adherence to nebulizer treatments in adults with cystic fibrosis: qualitative interview study","volume":"22","author":"Drabble","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B21","first-page":"1965","article-title":"The use of telehealth system in improving adherence to nebulised treatment in children with cystic fibrosis: benefits and pitfalls","volume":"44","author":"Thornton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205983","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with cystic fibrosis and parent caregivers: results of the international depression epidemiological study across nine countries","volume":"69","author":"Quittner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2018.11.016","article-title":"Positive mental health and wellbeing in adults with cystic fibrosis: a cross sectional study","volume":"116","author":"Cronly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2020.11.013","article-title":"ACT with CF: a telehealth and in-person feasibility study to address anxiety and depressive symptoms among people with cystic fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Hayer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"year":"","author":"Verkleij","key":"B25"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24928","article-title":"Mental health and cystic fibrosis: time to move from secondary prevention to predictive medicine","volume":"55","author":"Amerio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2021.100372","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for anxiety and depression in adults with cystic fibrosis (eHealth CF-CBT): an international collaboration","volume":"24","author":"Verkleij","year":"2021","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02452-6","article-title":"Is mHealth a useful therapy for improving physical or emotional health in adolescents with cystic fibrosis? A systematic review","author":"Valero-Moreno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2020.01.002","article-title":"Opportunities for machine learning to transform care for people with cystic fibrosis","volume":"19","author":"Abroshan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2018.2878534","article-title":"Improving detection of rapid cystic fibrosis disease progression\u2013early translation of a predictive algorithm into a point-of-care tool","volume":"7","author":"Szczesniak","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8443","article-title":"Dynamic predictive probabilities to monitor rapid cystic fibrosis disease progression","volume":"39","author":"Szczesniak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29523-2","article-title":"Prognostication and risk factors for cystic fibrosis via automated machine learning","volume":"8","author":"Alaa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"year":"","author":"Breathe","key":"B33"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ooab084","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooab084","article-title":"A natural language processing pipeline to synthesize patient-generated notes toward improving remote care and chronic disease management: a cystic fibrosis case study","volume":"4","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMIA open"},{"first-page":"2618","year":"2021","author":"Zhu","key":"B35"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001165","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2021-001165","article-title":"Implementation of prognostic machine learning algorithms in paediatric chronic respiratory conditions: a scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Filipow","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Respir Res"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201800677","article-title":"Wearable sweat sensors: background and current trends","volume":"31","author":"Kaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN01704F","article-title":"Sputum and salivary protein biomarkers and point-of-care biosensors for the management of COPD","volume":"145","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2021.09.027","article-title":"Virtual care with digital technologies for rural Canadians living with cardiovascular disease","volume":"4","author":"Buyting","year":"2022","journal-title":"CJC open"},{"year":"","author":"Elenes-Cazares","key":"B40"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1108\/9781787566750","volume-title":"The Digital Pill: What Everyone Should Know About the Future of Our Healthcare System","author":"Fleisch","year":"2021"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00228-4","article-title":"Home monitoring in interstitial lung diseases","volume":"11","author":"Wijsenbeek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1196442\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T04:26:07Z","timestamp":1683174367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1196442\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1196442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1196442","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-253X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-253X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"article-number":"1196442"}}