{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:46:56Z","timestamp":1766040416741,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is traditionally assessed and classified using radiographic methods that rely on Cobb angle measurements and qualitative curve modifiers, exposing patients to repeated radiation and offering limited sensitivity to subtle three-dimensional (3D) deformities. We developed\n                    <jats:italic>ScolioClass<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a non-invasive, data-driven classification tool that harnesses 3D optical surface scanning and continuous indices, capturing curvature severity, directionality, and sagittal balance, to evaluate spinal deformities in 94 patients with AIS. By comparing\n                    <jats:italic>ScolioClass<\/jats:italic>\n                    descriptions with the established Lenke classification, we observed a statistically significant association (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2248\u200929.0, df\u2009=\u20096,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) with 72.3% overall agreement. A significant association was also found between sagittal modifiers and\n                    <jats:italic>ScolioClass<\/jats:italic>\n                    kyphosis\u2013lordosis categories (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u2248\u200948.4, df\u2009=\u20093,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) with 68.1% agreement. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>ScolioClass<\/jats:italic>\n                    detected mild curves and lordotic patterns that were often overlooked by Lenke criteria. These findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>ScolioClass<\/jats:italic>\n                    provides radiation-free, quantitative 3D assessment of AIS with potential for automated analysis and individualized treatment planning. Further validation is warranted for clinical integration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1633612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:44:26Z","timestamp":1766040266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ScolioClass: data-driven development of a new classification tool to evaluate adolescent idiopathic scoliosis optically diagnosed"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sa\u0161a","family":"\u0106ukovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Neghina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radu Emanuil","family":"Petruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanja","family":"Lukovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dijana","family":"Stoji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-04912-8","article-title":"Determination of predictors associated with pain in non-surgically treated adults with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"19","author":"Yeti\u015f","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-012-0457-4","article-title":"Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"7","author":"Konieczny","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Child Orthop"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-7-7","article-title":"Pulmonary function in children with idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"7","author":"Tsiligiannis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scoliosis"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"111","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: review and current concepts","volume":"64","author":"Reamy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4081\/cp.2020.1258","article-title":"Changes in radiographic parameters following chiropractic treatment in 10 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective chart review","volume":"10","author":"Pu Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Pract"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000067265.52473.C3","article-title":"Comparison of reliability between the Lenke and King classification systems for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using radiographs that were not premeasured","volume":"28","author":"Richards","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200108000-00006","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 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