{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:14:43Z","timestamp":1788243283112,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study systematically analyzed the knowledge structure, evolution patterns, and structural biases in the intersection of digital health interventions, patient engagement\/adherence, and health equity from 2015 to 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and PubMed. We included 4,677 original articles or systematic reviews. We used Bibliometrix, SciExplorer, and CiteSpace for bibliometric and knowledge graph analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The annual number of publications increased from 75 to 1,317 (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.9955). The average annual growth rate was 33.18%. However, author keywords were highly dispersed (9,302 vs. 4,971). Geographical distribution showed \u201cone superpower and multiple strong countries.\u201d The United States accounted for more than 54% of the top ten countries\u2019 frequencies. China ranked fifth but did not enter the core collaboration network. JMIR series journals published 58.8% of the top ten journals\u2019 total articles. Keyword clustering identified ten themes, including telemedicine and chronic disease management. \u201cHealth equity\u201d did not become an independent high-frequency cluster. The author collaboration network showed a multi-center structure with methodologists, theory builders, and tool developers as cores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This field faces \u201cknowledge disorder under exponential growth.\u201d There are systematic biases in geography, theme, and power structure. We recommend building a core literature database, creating interdisciplinary journals, supporting reverse innovation led by low- and middle-income countries, and reforming academic evaluation systems to bridge the gap between research and policy translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2026.1883026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:32:37Z","timestamp":1788240757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structural biases in digital health intervention and health equity research: a bibliometric knowledge graph analysis (2015\u20132025)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Shengtao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Harbin Sport University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Harbin Sport University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Harbin Sport University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College, Hubei Enshi University","place":["Enshi, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School, Harbin Sport University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports Humanities and Society, Harbin Sport University","place":["Harbin, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13696-4","article-title":"A conceptual framework and umbrella review of digital health technology interventions and health equity","volume":"26","author":"Candio","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-022-00711-0","article-title":"Health techequity: opportunities for digital health innovations to improve equity and diversity in cardiovascular care","volume":"17","author":"Hernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibad010","article-title":"Equity and behavioral digital health interventions: strategies to improve benefit and reach","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-071521-023913","article-title":"Multilevel determinants of digital health equity: a literature synthesis to advance the field","volume":"44","author":"Lyles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001362","article-title":"The effectiveness of Mobile-health technology-based health behaviour change or disease management interventions for health care consumers: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Free","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2023.104318","article-title":"Effectiveness and implementation of a text messaging intervention to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms among latinx and non-latinx white users during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"165","author":"Haro-Ramos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18236","DOI":"10.2196\/18236","article-title":"Prospective associations between working time arrangements and psychiatric treatment in Denmark: protocol for a cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Hannerz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19361","DOI":"10.2196\/19361","article-title":"Digital health equity and COVID-19: the innovation curve cannot reinforce the social gradient of health","volume":"22","author":"Crawford","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"51","article-title":"Do mHealth apps amplify the digital divide? 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