{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:00:16Z","timestamp":1790834416575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concurrent use of traditional and Western medicine is a global healthcare reality. In countries like Vietnam, dual-paradigm clinical guidelines actively mandate integrated treatments for high-prevalence chronic diseases. However, safe integration at the point of care is severely hindered by data fragmentation, profound epistemological differences, and a critical \u201cshadow pharmacovigilance\u201d crisis regarding underreported herb-drug interactions (HDIs). This paper analyzes the state-of-the-art of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in integrative healthcare and proposes the Integrative Medicine Knowledge Engine (IMKE), a novel architectural blueprint designed to safely bridge Vietnamese traditional medicine (VTM) and Western biomedicine. Shifting from siloed technical models to a clinical-first perspective, the IMKE conceptualizes a three-stage digital health pipeline: (1) advanced medical text mining to digitize unstructured traditional practitioner notes; (2) an Integrative Knowledge Graph (IKG) that maps holistic VTM diagnostic patterns to Western pharmacological databases and ICD-10 standards; and (3) an AI-driven Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for proactive HDI safety monitoring. We illustrate this architectural data flow through three clinical scenarios\u2014Essential Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. These scenarios demonstrate the system\u2019s theoretical capacity to retrieve culturally appropriate treatments, identify cross-paradigm therapeutic synergies, and generate explainable, mechanistic safety alerts that augment physician judgment while mitigating clinical alert fatigue. Ultimately, the IMKE framework provides a scalable, culturally inclusive roadmap for digital health. By translating centuries of experiential medical wisdom into an interoperable, computationally safeguarded infrastructure, this blueprint sets the foundation for evidence-based integrative care, future retrospective clinical validation, and enhanced patient safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2026.1928965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:40:00Z","timestamp":1790833200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harmonizing Vietnamese traditional and western medicine: a digital health blueprint and the IMKE architectural framework"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anh","family":"Nguyen Thi Dieu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Hien University","place":["Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hieu","family":"Le 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