{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1792665404401,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a narrative review of the published literature on the localization techniques to identify the best technique for the localization of supernumerary teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An extensive search of literature published in English between January 1966 and May 2024 was conducted using the \u201cMedline via PubMed\u201d and \u201cCochrane database\u201d databases. The keywords included in the search were \u201clocalization\u201d \u201cradiographs\u201d, and \u201cimpacted teeth\u201d, or \u201cun-erupted teeth\u201d, or \u201csupernumerary teeth\u201d or \u201csupernumerary tooth\u201d. The citation lists from the included articles were examined to identify additional reports and a hand search was also conducted. Kappa statistics were used for intra-examiner reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial search yielded 4,864 citations, subsequently examined and supplemented by a hand search to find additional studies. Commonly used techniques for the localization of supernumerary teeth are the horizontal tube shift technique, vertical tube shift technique, vertex occlusal technique, and cone-beam computerized tomography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most commonly used localization techniques for supernumerary teeth are horizontal tube shift, vertex occlusal, vertical tube shift, and cone-beam computerized tomography. Conventional radiographs only provide two-dimensional views of 3-dimensional structures. Three-dimensional imaging alone can provide accurate data on impacted supernumerary teeth but, the need for this film has to be justified because of the higher radiation exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2025.1495025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T01:49:20Z","timestamp":1739152160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Radiographic localization of supernumerary teeth: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sreekanth Kumar","family":"Mallineni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert Prashanth","family":"Anthonappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayakumar","family":"Jayaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel Martyn","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"14","article-title":"Determination of the optimum time for surgical removal of unerupted anterior supernumerary teeth","volume":"32","author":"Omer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2023.01.004","article-title":"Interventions to facilitate the successful eruption of impacted maxillary incisor teeth due to the presence of a supernumerary: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"163","author":"Seehra","year":"","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1834-7819.1993.tb05445.x","article-title":"Multiple supernumerary premolars: their occurrence in three patients","volume":"38","author":"King","year":"1993","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13122232","article-title":"Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors influence the phenotype of tooth number, size and shape: anterior maxillary supernumeraries and the morphology of mandibular incisors","volume":"13","author":"Khalaf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"37","article-title":"Dental anomalies of number, form and size: their prevalence in British schoolchildren","volume":"5","author":"Brook","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Dent Child"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.01.035","article-title":"Characteristics of 283 supernumerary teeth in southern Chinese children","volume":"105","author":"Anthonappa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-013-0082-z","article-title":"Aetiology of supernumerary teeth: a literature review","volume":"14","author":"Anthonappa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"257","article-title":"Prevalence of supernumerary teeth based on panoramic radiographs revisited","volume":"35","author":"Anthonappa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"B9","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Impacted upper canines","volume":"37","author":"Rayne","year":"1969","journal-title":"Dent Cadmos"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"30","article-title":"Diagnosis and prevention of maxillary cuspid impaction","volume":"51","author":"Williams","year":"1981","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(99)70226-X","article-title":"Radiographic localization of unerupted maxillary anterior teeth using the vertical tube shift method. 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