{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T17:20:14Z","timestamp":1782926414019,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare survival rates between immediate (\u226424\u2005h post-extraction) and delayed (3\u20134 months post-extraction) dental implants and to identify patient- and site-specific risk factors for implant failure, with emphasis on anatomical site, sex, and osteoporosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed 1,500 implants (300 immediate, 1,200 delayed) from patients treated at the Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2005\u20132023). Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis evaluated cumulative survival rates over 72 months, with Cox regression modeling to assess predictors of failure. Propensity score matching (PSM) addressed baseline covariate imbalances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delayed implants exhibited significantly higher survival rates than immediate implants at 72 months (81.1% vs. 53.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). Survival divergence intensified after 24 months, with delayed implants retaining 979 patients at risk vs. 202 for immediate implants. Mandibular sites consistently outperformed maxillary sites in both strategies (delayed: 88.5% vs. 72.2%; immediate: 70.5% vs. 40.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001). Male sex (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.28\u20131.88; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) and osteoporosis (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.17\u20134.52; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024) emerged as independent risk factors, while tobacco use, diabetes, and hypertension showed no significant associations. PSM resolved most baseline imbalances, with post-matching standardized mean differences (SMD) &amp;lt;0.1 for key covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Delayed implantation at 3\u20134 months post-extraction provides superior intermediate-term survival, particularly in mandibular sites. Male patients and individuals with osteoporosis face elevated failure risks, warranting tailored clinical protocols. While both strategies remain viable, delayed placement is recommended for high-risk populations to optimize long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2025.1563641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:25:46Z","timestamp":1745904346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influencing factors and survival rates in immediate vs. delayed dental implant placement: a six-year retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0501.000.00934.x","article-title":"Long-term implant prognosis in patients with and without a history of chronic periodontitis: a 10-year prospective cohort study of the ITI\u00ae Dental Implant System","volume":"14","author":"Karoussis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0728(99)00260-0","article-title":"Study of the corrosion behavior of titanium and some of its alloys for biomedical and dental implant applications","volume":"471","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Electroanal Chem"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0338","article-title":"Outcome of early dental implant placement versus other dental implant placement protocols: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Bassir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"1222","article-title":"Comparison of radiographic and clinical outcomes following immediate provisionalization of single-tooth dental implants placed in healed alveolar ridges and extraction sockets","volume":"25","author":"Cooper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.2685","article-title":"The effect of systemically administered bisphosphonates on bony healing after tooth extraction and osseointegration of dental implants in the rabbit maxilla","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.10.024","article-title":"Minimum criteria for immediate provisionalization of single-tooth dental implants in extraction sites: a 1-year retrospective study of 100 consecutive cases","volume":"69","author":"Becker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-020-01367-2","article-title":"Marginal bone resorption around dental implants placed in alveolar socket preserved sites: a 5 years follow-up study","volume":"20","author":"Beretta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"15","article-title":"Evaluation of success of dental implants in immediate vs. delayed loading, post radiation in head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta analysis","volume":"16","author":"Debnath","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Osseointegration"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-023-06612-8","article-title":"Guided immediate implant with and without using a mixture of autogenous and xeno bone grafts in the dental esthetic zone. 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