{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:14:58Z","timestamp":1793405698704,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This objective of the study was to assess the accuracy of an AI-based caries detection system, Overjet Caries Assist, or OCA, (Overjet Inc. Claymont, DE, USA) and to analyze the efficacy of the AI-based caries detection training module in teaching dental students radiographic diagnosis of dental caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two independent calibrated observers evaluated 1604 proximal surfaces of teeth on intraoral bitewing radiographs and compared the findings to the OCA caries detection module. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy of the AI system were calculated. For the second part of the study, 82 first- and third-year dental students interpreted 10 intraoral bitewings for caries diagnosis before and after undergoing training with the OCA AI-caries detection training module. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess the difference between the students\u2019 learning before and after the Overjet module training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The average sensitivity for enamel lesions was found to be 0.69, while the average sensitivity for dentinal lesions was found to be 0.91. The average specificity for enamel lesions was found to be 0.99, while the average specificity for dentinal lesions was found to be 0.98. There was a 43%\u201346% increase in students\u2019 ability to detect radiographic caries following the completion of the Overjet training module.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OCA module can be used as an effective tool for assisting diagnosis of caries among dental students. The Overjet training module is effective in training dental students\u2019 radiographic diagnosis of caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2025.1741855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T06:40:24Z","timestamp":1769668824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Performance evaluation of AI-based caries detection technology and its educational training module: a dual-phase investigation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jennie","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krunal","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Crowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiraag","family":"Gohel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, The George Washington University","place":["Washington, DC, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Pileggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Isabel","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Ghorbanifarajzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]},{"name":"Overjet","place":["Claymont, DE, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Computational Biology Institute, The George Washington University","place":["Washington, DC, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Gohel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry","place":["Gainesville, FL, United States"]},{"name":"The University of Jordan School of Dentistry","place":["Amman, Jordan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Dental caries","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Rathee","year":"2025"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60031-2","article-title":"Dental caries","volume":"369","author":"Selwitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Dental Caries (tooth Decay) in Adults (ages 20 to 64 Years)","year":"2019"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2022.104115","article-title":"Deep learning for caries detection: a systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Mohammad-Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-3775-4","article-title":"Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable disease","volume":"231","author":"Pitts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200153","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200153","article-title":"Effects of healthcare policy and education on Reading accuracy of bitewing radiographs for interproximal caries","volume":"50","author":"Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S324396","article-title":"Ability of dentists and students to detect caries by using the international caries detection and assessment system","volume":"13","author":"Al Dhubayb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dent"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2015.02.009","article-title":"Radiographic caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Schwendicke","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200295","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200295","article-title":"Evaluation of different teaching methods in the radiographic diagnosis of proximal carious lesions","volume":"50","author":"Rocha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"B10","volume-title":"SCDI White Paper No. 1106. 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