{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:36:01Z","timestamp":1788827761168,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774828800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Root perforation is a serious complication in endodontic therapy that can adversely affect treatment outcomes due to persistent microbial contamination and the limitations of currently available repair materials. Although mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used, its handling characteristics, prolonged setting time, and variable antibacterial activity necessitate the development of alternative materials. This study evaluated a novel bio-inspired composite combining polydopamine, a mussel-derived adhesive polymer, with bioactive glass, designed to enhance antibacterial performance, surface characteristics, and pH behaviour relevant to root perforation repair. It was hypothesized that the experimental composite would exhibit improved antibacterial efficacy and a favourable surface nanoarchitecture compared with MTA, while maintaining physiologically relevant alkalinity. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar diffusion against Porphyromonas endodontalis and Enterococcus faecalis, pH was measured at 24\u2005h and 7 days, and surface characteristics were analysed using atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial outcomes were compared using the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    test, while pH values were analysed using independent\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    -tests. The experimental material demonstrated significantly greater antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas species (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05), with no significant difference against E. faecalis. A lower initial pH with gradual alkalinization and a smoother surface profile were observed. These findings suggest that the polydopamine\u2013bioactive glass composite shows promise as an experimental material for root perforation repair, warranting further biological and translational investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1802925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:25:52Z","timestamp":1774848352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comprehensive evaluation of antibacterial activity, pH stability, and surface characterization of a mussel\u2014inspired polymer for root perforation repair"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lakshmi Nidhi","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences","place":["Mangaluru, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences","place":["Mangaluru, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University)","place":["Mangaluru, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heeresh","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College","place":["Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1997.tb00699.x","article-title":"Treatment of root perforations with calcium hydroxide and super EBA cement: a clinical report","volume":"30","author":"Bogaerts","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2968","article-title":"Evaluation of sealing potential of different repair materials in furcation perforations using dye penetration: an in vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Mohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1597","article-title":"Sealing ability of MTA vs Portland cement in the repair of furcal perforations of primary molars: a dye extraction 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