{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:54:34Z","timestamp":1781848474198,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of salivary total matrix metalloproteinase-8 (tMMP-8), adiponectin, and resistin in prediabetic adults with and without periodontitis and examined their associations with systemic and periodontal parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Systemically healthy and prediabetic adults, categorized by periodontal status, underwent clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic assessments. A total of 84 adults aged 25\u201355 years were enrolled and stratified into four groups: prediabetes with periodontitis (PreDM-PD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200924), prediabetes with periodontal health (PreDM-PH,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919), systemically healthy with periodontitis (SH-PD,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200922), and systemically and periodontally healthy controls (SH-PH,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919). Unstimulated saliva was collected to quantify tMMP-8, adiponectin, and resistin by sandwich ELISA. Statistical analyses included group comparisons (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni\n                      <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      correction; Kruskal\u2013Wallis with Dunn\u2019s test for non-normally distributed variables), correlation analysis of biomarkers with systemic and periodontal measures, and principal component analysis (PCA) to define a composite inflammatory profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with periodontitis had significantly higher periodontal parameters (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Salivary tMMP-8 was elevated in prediabetic individuals with periodontitis compared to other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), whereas adiponectin was lower in prediabetic groups versus controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). tMMP-8 correlated positively with BMI, HbA1c, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Adiponectin inversely correlated with HbA1c, PPD, CAL, and bleeding on probing. Resistin showed a weak positive correlation with CAL. PCA revealed an inflammatory profile (high tMMP-8, low adiponectin) explaining 37.1% of variance (KMO\u2009=\u20090.58; Bartlett\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2\u2009=\u200922.86,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), effectively distinguishing prediabetic with periodontitis from healthy controls (AUC\u2009=\u20090.925,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 89.5%, Youden J\u2009=\u20090.77) and showing acceptable accuracy in periodontal health. Between-group differences for tMMP-8, adiponectin, PPD, CAL and BoP remained statistically significant after adjustment for age (ANCOVA, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivary tMMP-8 and adiponectin composite profiles outperform single markers, supporting their use in non-invasive periodontal risk screening in metabolically vulnerable adults. Elevated tMMP-8 links periodontal and metabolic inflammation in prediabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1873996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T05:46:50Z","timestamp":1781848010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salivary biomarker profiling in prediabetes-associated periodontitis: role of adiponectin, resistin, and total matrix metalloproteinase-8"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Julie Toby","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences","place":["Chennai, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betsy","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences","place":["Chennai, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajit","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre","place":["Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebu George","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences","place":["Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavya","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences","place":["Thiruvalla, Kerala, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toby","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University","place":["Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Sorsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University and University Hospital","place":["Helsinki, Finland"]},{"name":"Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukumaran","family":"Anil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University","place":["Bangkok, Thailand"]},{"name":"Global Research Cell, Dr. D. 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