{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:05:24Z","timestamp":1790006724150,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microleakage models have historically defined leakage assessment in endodontics despite well-recognized methodological limitations, leading to increasing restrictions on their publication. Since the seminal description of the term nanoleakage, interest in nanoscale interfacial leakage has progressively expanded into endodontics, where achieving a bacteria-free seal is critical for treatment success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aim to map and critically analyze the current evidence on nanoleakage in endodontics, identifying research trends, methodological approaches, and existing knowledge gaps across different clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review was conducted following a literature search to identify studies addressing nanoleakage within endodontic contexts. Eligible studies were screened and categorized according to their clinical application and methodological approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evidence is derived from\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies, mostly using a qualitative approach, with significant heterogeneity in experimental designs and interpretation criteria. Most studies rely on passive tracer-based methodologies, which may not adequately reflect the dynamic behavior of fluids and bacterial by-products at the nano-interface. Research was primarily focused on areas including the bonding of adhesives to coronal and radicular dentin as well as in retrograde filling and root canal filling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding nanoleakage is an important objective, yet endodontic models remain underdeveloped. The existing evidence is limited by methodological inconsistencies and a lack of clinical validation. Future research should prioritize the development of dynamic, clinically relevant models to better understand interfacial sealing and improve the predictability of endodontic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1880780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:33:22Z","timestamp":1790004802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Critical analysis of the \u201cnanoleakage concept\u201d in endodontics: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"\u00c1lvarez-V\u00e1squez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Cuenca","place":["Cuenca, Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chavarr\u00eda-Bola\u00f1os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endodontics Postgraduate Program, Universidad de Costa Rica","place":["San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"]},{"name":"National Laboratory of Nanotechnology (LANOTEC), Centro Nacional de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda","place":["San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4477.2002.tb00404.x","article-title":"Discuss that the coronal seal is more important than the apical seal for endodontic success","volume":"28","author":"Sritharan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust Endod J"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"p. 136","article-title":"\u201cFundamental concepts of enamel and dentin adhesion\u201d","volume-title":"Sturdevant\u2019s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry","author":"Perdig\u00e3o","year":"2018"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"p 630","article-title":"\u201cpathobiology of apical periodontitis\u201d","volume-title":"Cohen\u2019s Pathways of the Pulp","author":"Lin","year":"2020"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-03176-1_8","article-title":"Endodontic inflammatory disease: systemic consequences","volume":"1492","author":"\u00c1lvarez-V\u00e1squez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(76)90048-8","article-title":"Microleakage: a review","volume":"4","author":"Kidd","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-8177(69)84021-3","article-title":"Marginal microleakage\u2013an in vivo assessment","volume":"78","author":"Loiselle","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345670460063301","article-title":"Studies on microleakage with restorative materials. 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