{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:07:33Z","timestamp":1790248053376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Dent. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Orthodontic treatment is performed to treat malocclusions by improving oral functions, tooth alignment, and facial esthetics that impact the quality of life of patients significantly. Nevertheless, various factors like complexity of malocclusions, patient compliance, and dental hygiene can influence treatment outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods such as clinical evaluation, radiography techniques, and dental casts have played a major role in orthodontics and have remained a standard diagnostic method in dentistry to date. On the other hand, these methods are associated with major disadvantages like radiation exposure and invasive procedures. To address these limitations, recent diagnostic methods have identified various biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva as non-invasive diagnostic methods. These biomarkers can help clinicians in planning orthodontic treatment at the optimal time and determine the appropriate initiation of the treatment. Point-of-care diagnostic tools such as lateral flow assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and microfluidic devices, and wearable technologies are emerging as promising alternatives for orthodontic treatment monitoring by offering rapid, cost-effective, and non-invasive alternatives to traditional methods. Recent developments such as incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning into orthodontic software attempt to improve the overall monitoring of orthodontic treatment. This review aims to present various traditional and innovative methods that have shown promising outcomes in research, along with insights into emerging areas that serve as potential game changers in orthodontic treatment monitoring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1928953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:31:48Z","timestamp":1790245908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A review on monitoring orthodontic treatment: from traditional approaches to innovative point-of-care tools"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ananya","family":"Nair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS)","place":["Mangalore, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajwal","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS)","place":["Mangalore, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"Ravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS)","place":["Mangalore, Karnataka, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02780-y","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice of patients towards orthodontic treatment","volume":"23","author":"Mathew","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082200","article-title":"3D imaging advancements and new technologies in clinical and scientific dental and orthodontic fields","volume":"11","author":"Leonardi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9329492","DOI":"10.1155\/ijod\/9329492","article-title":"Navigating the complexities of molar incisor hypomineralization: challenges and strategies in pediatric dentistry","volume":"2025","author":"Al-Nerabieah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01219-6","article-title":"Orthodontic radiology: development of a clinical practice guideline","volume":"126","author":"Kapetanovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Med (Torino)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12107","article-title":"Gingival crevicular fluid as a source of biomarkers for periodontitis","volume":"70","author":"Barros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/148051","article-title":"Gingival fluid and saliva concentrations of selected non-enzymatic antioxidants in periodontitis","volume":"59","author":"Toczewska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dent Med Probl"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13479","article-title":"Comparing periodontitis biomarkers in saliva, oral rinse and gingival crevicular fluid: a pilot study","volume":"48","author":"Katsiki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Orthodontic therapeutic biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid","volume-title":"Current Trends in Orthodontics","author":"Bhat","year":"2021"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257235","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3257235","article-title":"The gingival crevicular fluid as a source of biomarkers to enhance efficiency of orthodontic and functional treatment of growing patients","volume":"2017","author":"De Aguiar","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"194","article-title":"Enzyme activity profiles and ELISA analysis of biomarkers from human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement using self-ligating brackets","volume":"13","author":"Abdul Wahab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12687","article-title":"Salivary levels of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa ligand during orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a prospective pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Naoumova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.21307\/aoj-2020-012","article-title":"Detection methods of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR): a review","volume":"36","author":"Yazid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Australas Orthod J"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.20453\/reh.v32i3.4289","article-title":"Detection of oral biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption: a literature review","volume":"32","author":"Fonseca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev Estomatol\u00f3gica Hered"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31921","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.31921","article-title":"Recent advanced diagnostic aids in orthodontics","volume":"14","author":"Baxi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30011","DOI":"10.3390\/s151229783","article-title":"Microfluidics integrated biosensors: a leading technology towards lab-on-a-chip and sensing applications","volume":"15","author":"Luka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz076","article-title":"Impact of functional orthodontic treatment on facial attractiveness of children with class II division 1 malocclusion","volume":"42","author":"Paduano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76026","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.76026","article-title":"Orthodontic space management in pediatric dentistry: a clinical review","volume":"16","author":"Koaban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1051\/odfen\/2016021","article-title":"Remotely-controlled orthodontics: fundamentals and description of the dental monitoring system","volume":"19","author":"Roisin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dentofac Anom Orthod"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"975","article-title":"The orthodontic patient: Examination and diagnosis","volume-title":"EC Dent Sci","author":"Ishaq","year":"2019"},{"key":"B20","year":"2012"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515586763","article-title":"Visual inspection for caries detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Gimenez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.17159\/2519-0105\/2020\/v75no6a2","article-title":"Comparison of three different instruments for orthodontic study model analysis","volume":"75","author":"Julyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"South Afr Dent J"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijodr.2022.038","article-title":"Orthodontic model analysis in the permanent dentition: a review of past and current methods","volume":"8","author":"Sennimalai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IP Indian J Orthod Dentofacial Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13020070","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances versus aligners: an experimental study of periodontal aspects","volume":"13","author":"Giannini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2319\/022521-156.1","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health of periodontally compromised patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"92","author":"Gehlot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"B26","year":"2024"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75448","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.75448","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of digital models generated using photogrammetry","volume":"16","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2016.15-00026R1","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography in orthodontics","volume":"29","author":"Dindaroglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk J Orthod"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7030089","article-title":"Cone-beam computed tomography in orthodontics","volume":"7","author":"Abdelkarim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601913010137","article-title":"Use of 3D imaging for treatment planning in cases of impacted canines","volume":"13","author":"Portelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.52142\/omujecm.38.si.dent.13","article-title":"A review of the use of artificial intelligence in orthodontics","volume":"38","author":"Akdeni\u02d9z","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3390\/prosthesis6060092","article-title":"AI In prosthodontics: a narrative review bridging established knowledge and innovation gaps across regions and emerging frontiers","volume":"6","author":"Iosif","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prosthesis"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195585","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2023.2195585","article-title":"Artificial intelligence applications in orthodontics","volume":"51","author":"Miranda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Calif Dent Assoc"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11202760","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence in orthodontics: current state and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112015","article-title":"Recent advances in high-sensitivity detection methods for paper-based lateral-flow assay","volume":"152","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003679","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.1003679","article-title":"Salivary biomarkers as key to monitor personalized oral healthcare and precision dentistry: a scoping review","volume":"3","author":"Paqu\u00e9","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2020.115842","article-title":"Lateral flow assays towards point-of-care cancer detection: a review of current progress and future trends","volume":"125","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129673","article-title":"Upconversion nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay for point-of-care diagnosis of periodontitis","volume":"334","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101188","article-title":"Lateral flow assays: progress and evolution of recent trends in point-of-care applications","volume":"28","author":"Kakkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0249999","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249999","article-title":"Assessment of salivary pro inflammatory cytokines profile level in patients treated with labial and lingual fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"16","author":"Baeshen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5133","DOI":"10.3390\/app14125133","article-title":"The interaction of cytokines in orthodontics: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Inchingolo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3000605251315913","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605251315913","article-title":"An overview of ELISA: a review and update on best laboratory practices for quantifying peptides and proteins in biological fluids","volume":"53","author":"Aydin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.593","article-title":"Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a new generation of innovative gene amplification technique; perspectives in clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases","volume":"18","author":"Parida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081931","article-title":"Loop-Mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): the better sibling of PCR?","volume":"10","author":"Soroka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_260_23","article-title":"Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for efficient detection of the periodontopathic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"28","author":"Sangolli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6374","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25126374","article-title":"Multiplexing LAMP assays: a methodological review and diagnostic application","volume":"25","author":"Crego-Vicente","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073327","article-title":"Novel CRISPR\u2013cas systems: an updated review of the current achievements, applications, and future research perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Nidhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2020.08.031","article-title":"CRISPR-Cas systems: overview, innovations and applications in human disease research and gene therapy","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput Struct Biotechnol J"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125211006116","article-title":"How orthodontic research can be enriched and advanced by the novel and promising evolutions in biomedicine","volume":"48","author":"Hassan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S224","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_59_24","article-title":"A genetic odyssey: CRISPR chronicles dentistry\u2019s multifaceted transformation","volume":"42","author":"Sahu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.5005\/djas-11014-0033","article-title":"Gene therapy and CRISPR\/Cas technology in dentistry: a review","volume":"12","author":"Marimuthu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent J Adv Stud"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.01387","article-title":"CRISPR gene therapy: applications, limitations, and implications for the future","volume":"10","author":"Uddin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13118","article-title":"The present and future role of microfluidics in biomedical research","volume":"507","author":"Sackmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05058","article-title":"The origins and the future of microfluidics","volume":"442","author":"Whitesides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40063d","article-title":"Nanomaterials and lab-on-a-chip technologies","volume":"12","author":"Medina-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05064","article-title":"Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health","volume":"442","author":"Yager","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-013-0094-y","article-title":"Lab on a chip for in situ diagnosis: from blood to point of care","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Lett"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-024-00365-4","article-title":"A scoping review on the advent of microfluidic devices in dentistry","volume":"11","author":"Amassari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Oral Health Rep"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjab033","article-title":"Effectiveness of removable appliances with temperature sensors in orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Moreno-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26969-3","article-title":"Salivary peptidome analysis and protease prediction during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances","volume":"13","author":"Wazwaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12258","article-title":"Salivary protein biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.08.026","article-title":"Time-related changes in salivary levels of the osteotropic factors sRANKL and OPG through orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"143","author":"Fl\u00f3rez-Moreno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.12816\/0015078","article-title":"Effect of orthodontic tooth movement on salivary levels of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C- reactive protein","volume":"25","author":"Saadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Baghdad Coll Dent"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e242436","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.29.6.e242436.oar","article-title":"Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent Press J Orthod"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2319\/091722-649.1","article-title":"Role of six cytokines and bone metabolism biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment in comparison with aligners: a clinical study","volume":"93","author":"Kamran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31982","article-title":"The gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers with micropulse vibration device: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijodr.2020.043","article-title":"Biomarkers in orthodontics: a review","volume":"6","author":"Ranjan R Bhat","year":"2020","journal-title":"IP Indian J Orthod Dentofac Res"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-1891","article-title":"Evaluation of interleukin 6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal ligament on application of orthodontic forces","volume":"13","author":"Rao","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Dent"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345960750010801","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor, and beta 2-microglobulin levels are elevated in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"75","author":"Uematsu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/app11020521","article-title":"Evaluation of IL1\u03b2 and IL6 gingival crevicular fluid levels during the early phase of orthodontic tooth movement in adolescents and young adults","volume":"11","author":"Chel\u0103rescu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.2319\/022416-159.1","article-title":"Biochemical markers of bone metabolism during early orthodontic tooth movement with aligners","volume":"87","author":"Castroflorio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12880","article-title":"Profile of inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid and plasma in patients with grade C periodontitis during orthodontic treatment: a longitudinal case series report","volume":"28","author":"Tian-yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4103\/jofs.jofs_98_16","article-title":"Detection of molecular biomarkers as a diagnostic tool in the planning and progression of orthodontic treatment","volume":"9","author":"Gaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orofac Sci"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-240-3_1","article-title":"Evolution in lateral flow\u2013based immunoassay systems","volume":"31","author":"O\u2019Farrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lateral Flow Immunoassay"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_204_19","article-title":"Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, epidermal growth factor, and \u03b22-microglobulin levels in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement (OTM)","volume":"8","author":"Jayaprakash","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5402","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27125402","article-title":"Biomarkers for treatment response in orthodontics: molecular mechanisms, clinical utility, and future directions","volume":"27","author":"Pawlowska","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-023-00517-1","article-title":"Identification of exosomal microRNA panel as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for small cell lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomark Res"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9100548","article-title":"Ultrafast PCR detection of COVID-19 by using a microfluidic chip-based system","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"B79","first-page":"12","article-title":"Digital tooth reconstruction: an innovative approach in forensic odontology","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Forensic Odontostomatol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200001","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200001","article-title":"Accuracy of three-dimensional photogrammetry and cone beam computed tomography based on linear measurements in patients with facial deformities","volume":"50","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114133","article-title":"Sub-picomolar lateral flow antigen detection with two-wavelength imaging of composite nanoparticles","volume":"207","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"gkaf016","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf016","article-title":"Tissue-specific modulation of CRISPR activity by miRNA-sensing guide RNAs","volume":"53","author":"Garcia-Guerra","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-024-01593-6","article-title":"Structures, mechanisms and applications of RNA-centric CRISPR\u2013Cas13","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Dental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1928953\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:31:50Z","timestamp":1790245910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1928953\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1928953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdmed.2026.1928953","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4915"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4915","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"article-number":"1928953"}}