{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:01:24Z","timestamp":1781157684639,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":236,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Drug Saf. Regul."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug-induced cutaneous phenotypes can act as early, bedside-visible clinical risk signals of systemic toxicity because the skin externalizes immune dysregulation, epithelial injury, and microvascular disturbance before organ-specific symptoms are obvious. This narrative review synthesizes peer-reviewed human evidence linking drug-related eruptions to systemic harm and actionable clinical decisions. We searched databases through January 2026 with citation chasing and organized findings using a morphology-anchored framework cross mapped to drug classes and mechanisms. High-risk patterns repeatedly signal urgent systemic risk: painful dusky or targetoid lesions with mucosal involvement and blistering\/epidermal detachment require immediate culprit withdrawal and admission-level supportive care; widespread eruption with facial edema plus fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, or atypical lymphocytosis requires drug discontinuation and close monitoring for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Research priorities include prospective validation of phenotypes as quantitative predictive risk signals, harmonized outcomes, reproducible imaging standards, and bias-aware digital implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdsfr.2026.1825005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:47:58Z","timestamp":1781156878000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The cutaneous mirror: leveraging drug-induced skin phenotypes as early visual risk signals for systemic toxicity, a comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hind B.","family":"Alshalhoob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Majmaah University","place":["Al Majma\u2019ah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama M.","family":"Albelowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Medical City","place":["Madinah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aseel S.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Majmaah University","place":["Al Majma\u2019ah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shada Khalid","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leen E.","family":"Alturki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Majmaah University","place":["Al Majma\u2019ah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra Saleh","family":"Alsindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waad Abdulelah","family":"Alduraywish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Anwar","family":"Almulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Anwar","family":"Almulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Faisal University","place":["Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouf Abdulaziz","family":"Almagushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah Khalifah","family":"Alkhezzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, King Fahd Specialist Hospital","place":["Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf373","article-title":"Purpura fulminans: a dermatological emergency revisited","volume":"51","author":"Abdul Gafoor","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351210","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/351210","article-title":"Dermatologic toxicities from monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors against EGFR: pathophysiology and management","volume":"2012","author":"Abdullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemother. Res. Pract."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1081\/cnv-120000360","article-title":"Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience","volume":"20","author":"Abushullaih","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Investig."},{"key":"B4","first-page":"226","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome: management and outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Al-Benna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745714","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/745714","article-title":"Primary cutaneous vasculitis masquerading as drug induced following aspirin desensitization","volume":"2013","author":"Al-Nesf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E167","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.8685","article-title":"Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome raising awareness of an uncommon but potentially serious adverse event among kidney stone patients","volume":"18","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012554","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1012554","article-title":"Cutaneous vasculitis; an algorithmic approach to diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Alpsoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12583","article-title":"Systemic drug photosensitivity-Culprits, impact and investigation in 122 patients","volume":"36","author":"Alrashidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2008.04.003","article-title":"Cross-reactivity pattern of rash from current aromatic antiepileptic drugs","volume":"80","author":"Alvestad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2007.25","article-title":"Photodistribution of blue-gray hyperpigmentation after amiodarone treatment: molecular characterization of amiodarone in the skin","volume":"144","author":"Ammoury","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1710-1492-9-1","article-title":"Allergic anaphylaxis due to subcutaneously injected heparin","volume":"9","author":"Anders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2021155","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1101a155","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a literature review","volume":"11","author":"Apalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Pract. Concept."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.1624","article-title":"Association of bullous pemphigoid with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with cancer: a systematic review","volume":"158","author":"Asdourian","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.156381","article-title":"Clinical photography in dermatology using smartphones: an overview","volume":"6","author":"Ashique","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2011.09.004","article-title":"Recommendations on management of EGFR inhibitor-induced skin toxicity: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Baas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8","article-title":"SANRA-a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles","volume":"4","author":"Baethge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Integr. Peer Rev."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv11657","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.11657","article-title":"Acneiform lesions but not acne after treatment with janus kinase inhibitors: diagnosis and management of janus kinase-acne","volume":"103","author":"Ballanger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876695","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.876695","article-title":"Drug-induced photosensitivity: clinical types of phototoxicity and photoallergy and pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Di Bartolomeo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Allergy"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680220104023","article-title":"Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme","volume":"129","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00061.x","article-title":"SCORTEN: a severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"115","author":"Bastuji-Garin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.11.006","article-title":"Drug-induced toxicity on mitochondria and lipid metabolism: mechanistic diversity and deleterious consequences for the liver","volume":"54","author":"Begriche","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2024.108044","article-title":"Understanding skin color bias in deep learning-based skin lesion segmentation","volume":"245","author":"Ben\u010devi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_613_20","article-title":"Dermatoscopy of inflammatory diseases in skin of color","volume":"12","author":"Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/cod.14794","article-title":"Contact urticaria and related conditions: clinical review","volume":"93","author":"Bizjak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Contact Derm."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.067","article-title":"Drug reaction eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: clinical phenotypic patterns according to causative drug","volume":"90","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.057","article-title":"A review of DRESS-Associated myocarditis","volume":"66","author":"Bourgeois","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13562","article-title":"EAACI position paper on how to classify cutaneous manifestations of drug hypersensitivity","volume":"74","author":"Brockow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5414\/ALX02422E","article-title":"Guideline for allergological diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: S2k guideline of the German Society for allergology and clinical immunology (DGAKI) in cooperation with the German dermatological society (DDG), the association of German allergologists (\u00c4DA), the German society for pediatric allergology (GPA), the German contact dermatitis research group (DKG), the German society for pneumology (DGP), the German society of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, the Austrian society of allergology and immunology (\u00d6GAI), the Austrian society of dermatology and venereology (\u00d6GDV), the German academy of allergology and environmental medicine (DAAU), and the German documentation center for severe skin reactions (dZh)","volume":"7","author":"Brockow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergol. Sel."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.19.00652","article-title":"Management of cancer therapy-associated oral mucositis","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCO Oncol. Pract."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.08.006","article-title":"Practical guidance for the evaluation and management of drug hypersensitivity: specific drugs","volume":"8","author":"Broyles","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100673","article-title":"DRESS syndrome: a literature review and treatment algorithm","volume":"16","author":"Calle","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Allergy organiz. J."},{"key":"B32","article-title":"Drug-induced pigmentation","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Camayo","year":"2025"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/ebj3030036","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: a clinical and therapeutic review","volume":"3","author":"Canh\u00e3o","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBJ"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.07.006","article-title":"Drug eruptions in the elderly","volume":"29","author":"Carneiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13216621","article-title":"IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura): an update on treatment","volume":"13","author":"Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-018-0535-4","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome in two young children: the importance of an early diagnosis","volume":"44","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15121518","article-title":"Medical photography in dermatology: quality and safety in the referral process to secondary healthcare","volume":"15","author":"Castro Almeida","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diagn. (Basel)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69054-7","article-title":"Viral reactivation and clinical outcomes in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10092105","article-title":"A review of the systemic treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7912","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.7912","article-title":"Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: an early skin biopsy makes a difference","volume":"12","author":"Chango Azanza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.0977","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and steven-johnson syndrome: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Charlton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract15100178","article-title":"Serum sickness-like reaction: a narrative review of epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic approaches","volume":"15","author":"Chatzigrigoriadis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009717","article-title":"Carbamazepine-induced toxic effects and HLA-B*1502 screening in Taiwan","volume":"364","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.25259\/IJSA_14_2024","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in children with a focus on hypersensitivity to systemic drugs: a narrative review","volume":"3","author":"Chiriac","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJSA"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1503709","article-title":"Treatments for severe cutaneous adverse reactions","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061243","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an interplay among drugs, viruses, and immune system","volume":"18","author":"Cho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B47","first-page":"31","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Choudhary","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00914-8","article-title":"Systematic review of deep learning image analyses for the diagnosis and monitoring of skin disease","volume":"6","author":"Choy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/02841860701765675","article-title":"Risk of hand-foot skin reaction with sorafenib: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Chu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD013193","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013193","article-title":"Teledermatology for diagnosing skin cancer in adults","volume":"12","author":"Chuchu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205577","article-title":"Insights into the poor prognosis of allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions: the impact of renal insufficiency, high plasma levels of oxypurinol and granulysin","volume":"74","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4576","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144576","article-title":"Renal manifestations of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome: a systematic review of 71 cases","volume":"12","author":"Dagnon da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15679","article-title":"Review of autoimmune blistering diseases: the pemphigoid diseases","volume":"33","author":"Daniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9855","DOI":"10.4081\/dr.2023.9855","article-title":"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a rare presentation with skin necrosis","volume":"16","author":"David","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatol. Rep."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100266","article-title":"Risk of candidiasis associated with interleukin-17 inhibitors: a real-world observational study of multiple independent sources","volume":"13","author":"Davidson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpap.2023.100221","article-title":"The phenomenon of phototoxicity and long-term risks of commonly prescribed and structurally diverse drugs","volume":"19","author":"Davis","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_581_17","article-title":"Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis: an update","volume":"63","author":"De","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. dermatol."},{"key":"B164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15490","article-title":"Drugs and the skin: a concise review of cutaneous adverse drug reactions","volume":"90","author":"Del Pozzo-Maga\u00f1a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_289911","article-title":"Dermatologic adverse events of systemic anticancer therapies: cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Deutsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. Educ. Book"},{"key":"B225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114232","article-title":"Capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome: a pharmacogenetic study beyond DPYD","volume":"159","author":"de With","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.15174","article-title":"Pemphigus and pemphigoids: clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy","volume":"21","author":"Didona","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"B127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.12.003","article-title":"The multitasking organ: recent insights into skin immune function","volume":"35","author":"Di Meglio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-60954-1_19","article-title":"Skin necrosis and ulcers induced by medications","volume-title":"Skin necrosis","author":"Dissemond","year":"2024"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883121","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.883121","article-title":"Scoring assessments in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"9","author":"Dobry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-022-00983-6","article-title":"Risk factors predictive of adverse drug events and drug-related falls in aged care residents: secondary analysis from the ReMInDAR trial","volume":"40","author":"Dorj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.1141","article-title":"Voriconazole and the risk of keratinocyte carcinomas among lung transplant recipients in the United States","volume":"156","author":"D\u2019Arcy","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.4102\/sajhivmed.v22i1.1182","article-title":"Nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children living with HIV in South Africa","volume":"22","author":"du Toit","year":"2021","journal-title":"South. Afr. J. HIV Med."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14060605","article-title":"Acneiform eruptions caused by lithium treatment may be related to demodex mites (prostigmata: demodecidae): a hypothesis","volume":"14","author":"El-Mallakh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. (Basel)"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21704","article-title":"The broadening scope of oral mucositis and oral ulcerative mucosal toxicities of anticancer therapies","volume":"72","author":"Elad","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/dermatopathology9020014","article-title":"Histopathologic features of maculopapular drug eruption","volume":"9","author":"Ernst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatopathol. (Basel)"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","article-title":"Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks","volume":"542","author":"Esteva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000371821","article-title":"Acneiform rash induced by EGFR inhibitors: review of the literature and new insights","volume":"1","author":"Fabbrocini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skin. Appendage Disord."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17081214","article-title":"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: pathogenesis, genetic background, clinical variants and therapy","volume":"17","author":"Feldmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00775","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal turnover of keratinocyte differentiation regulators","volume":"10","author":"Finnegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24063","DOI":"10.3402\/jchimp.v4.24063","article-title":"Minocycline-induced hyperpigmentation","volume":"4","author":"Fiscus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Community Hosp. Intern. Med. Perspect."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e94930","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.94930","article-title":"Diagnostic disparities in erythema visibility: a call to redefine inflammatory assessment in diverse skin tones","volume":"17","author":"Forsyth","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02688-x","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of leukocytoclastic vasculitis","volume":"16","author":"Fraticelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.12.015","article-title":"Antibiotic drug use and the risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a population-based case-control study","volume":"138","author":"Frey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.136.3.323","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Garcia-Doval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13827","article-title":"Drug-induced linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis: a French retrospective pharmacovigilance study of 69 cases","volume":"85","author":"Garel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13294","article-title":"Pharmacogenomics of off-target adverse drug reactions","volume":"83","author":"Garon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.132","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related dermatologic adverse events","volume":"83","author":"Geisler","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.112","article-title":"Retiform purpura: a diagnostic approach","volume":"82","author":"Georgesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155208100450","article-title":"Nail toxicity induced by cancer chemotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Gilbar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2019.04.180212","article-title":"Drug-induced hyperpigmentation: review and case series","volume":"32","author":"Gim\u00e9nez Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Board Fam. Med."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.13740","article-title":"Prevention and management of acneiform rash associated with EGFR inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Gorji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100064","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated vitiligo and its impact on survival in patients with metastatic melanoma: an Italian melanoma intergroup study","volume":"6","author":"Guida","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15612","article-title":"Different phenotypes of drug-induced anaphylaxis-Data from the european anaphylaxis registry","volume":"78","author":"Hanschmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122135","article-title":"Review of toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"17","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14314","article-title":"Drug-induced photosensitivity: culprit drugs, potential mechanisms and clinical consequences","volume":"19","author":"Hofmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2025.04.031","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibitor-induced acne in inflammatory bowel disease: an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Honap","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.11.020","article-title":"Need for trial design change in epidermal necrolysis (Stevens-Johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis): example of cyclosporine","volume":"145","author":"Ingen-Housz-Oro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4088\/pcc.v10n0602","article-title":"Lithium and psoriasis: what primary care and family physicians should know","volume":"10","author":"Jafferany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prim. Care Companion J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.890881","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse reactions of amiodarone","volume":"20","author":"Jaworski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-024-00936-1","article-title":"Drug allergy","volume":"20","author":"Jeimy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e3181722ef4","article-title":"Pattern analysis of drug-induced skin diseases","volume":"30","author":"Justiniano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2014.26.1.96","article-title":"Warfarin-induced skin necrosis","volume":"26","author":"Kakagia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Dermatol."},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0288-z","article-title":"Urticaria and angioedema","volume":"14","author":"Kanani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12501","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study","volume":"169","author":"Kardaun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-91557-5_19","article-title":"Drug-induced pemphigoid and linear IgA disease","volume-title":"Autoimmune bullous diseases: text and review","author":"Kardaun","year":"2022"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2022.05.004","article-title":"Navigating the initial diagnosis and management of adult IgA vasculitis: a review","volume":"8","author":"Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAD Int."},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.02.027","article-title":"Serum sickness-like reactions clinical characteristics and management: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Khalaf","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36481","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.36481","article-title":"Management options for linear immunoglobulin A (Iga) bullous dermatosis: a literature review","volume":"15","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.08.028","article-title":"Drug allergy: a 2022 practice parameter update","volume":"150","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2014.4.1.68","article-title":"Rapid onset of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis after ingestion of acetaminophen","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Allergy"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.06.061","article-title":"Drug-induced phototoxicity: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.03.081","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in the pediatric population: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"83","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754231188444","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of injection site reactions in randomized-controlled trials of biologic injections","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e205","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2024.39.e205","article-title":"Polypharmacy and elevated risk of severe adverse events in older adults based on the Korea institute of drug safety and risk management-korea adverse event reporting system database","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2024.100228","article-title":"Improving asthma outcomes: clinicians\u2019 perspectives on peripheral airways","volume":"3","author":"King","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Glob."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.02.025","article-title":"Erlotinib-related skin toxicities: treatment strategies in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"69","author":"Kiyohara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0135501","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135501","article-title":"Stevens johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: maternal and foetal outcomes in twenty-two consecutive pregnant HIV infected women","volume":"10","author":"Knight","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4103\/pigmentinternational_58_23","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced nail pigmentation: an uncommon presentation","volume":"12","author":"Konda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pigment. Int."},{"key":"B110","first-page":"56","article-title":"Are the cutaneous manifestations in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome a marker for predicting lung manifestations?","volume":"36","author":"Kontic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1310","article-title":"Immune surveillance in the skin: mechanisms and clinical consequences","volume":"4","author":"Kupper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.4081\/oncol.2020.442","article-title":"Management of cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Kwakman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncol. Rev."},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-011-1197-6","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of EGFR inhibitor-associated dermatologic toxicities","volume":"19","author":"Lacouture","year":"2011","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20187459","article-title":"Pigmented purpura and cutaneous vascular occlusion syndromes","volume":"93","author":"Lamadrid-Zertuche","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3154","article-title":"Drug-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"99","author":"Lammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2023.170","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms in cutaneous adverse drug reactions","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther. Seoul."},{"key":"B117","first-page":"767","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in hospitalised patients","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singap. Med. J."},{"key":"B118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"AB57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.12.182","article-title":"Prevalence of antibiotic-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS\/TEN): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1177\/2475530318810851","article-title":"TNF inhibitor-induced psoriasis: proposed algorithm for treatment and management","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis"},{"key":"B120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03062-5","article-title":"Outcome measurements in epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review","volume":"316","author":"Libson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"B121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21.058","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/21.058","article-title":"Practical management of new-onset urticaria and angioedema presenting in primary care, urgent care, and the emergency department","volume":"25","author":"Macy","year":"2021","journal-title":"TPJ"},{"key":"B122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706135","article-title":"HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir","volume":"358","author":"Mallal","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.05.015","article-title":"Paradoxical psoriasis: an updated review of clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment options","volume":"144","author":"Maronese","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2014.38","article-title":"Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guidelines for HLA-B genotype and abacavir dosing: 2014 update","volume":"95","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i6.705","article-title":"Liver involvement in the drug reaction, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Martinez-Cabriales","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"B126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.11.017","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions and organ damage: the skin","volume":"28","author":"Marzano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"B128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.03.022","article-title":"Stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an analysis of triggers and implications for improving prevention","volume":"129","author":"Miliszewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"B129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.06.010","article-title":"Advances in drug allergy, urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis in 2018","volume":"144","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"B130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2025.03.007","article-title":"Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of DIHS\/DRESS in 2025","volume":"74","author":"Mizukawa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"B131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2008.06878.x","article-title":"Severe drug-induced skin reactions: clinical pattern, diagnostics and therapy","volume":"7","author":"Mockenhaupt","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dtsch. Dermatol Ges."},{"key":"B132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701033","article-title":"Stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: assessment of medication risks with emphasis on recently marketed drugs. The EuroSCAR-study","volume":"128","author":"Mockenhaupt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003848","article-title":"Warfarin-induced skin necrosis: a narrative review of clinical features, risk factors, and treatment strategies","volume":"87","author":"Mohamed Osman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med. Surg. (Lond)"},{"key":"B134","article-title":"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Moore","year":"2025"},{"key":"B135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0217-3","article-title":"HLA-B*57:01 screening and hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir between 1999 and 2016 in the OPERA\u00ae observational database: a cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Mounzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Ther."},{"key":"B136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.12.011","article-title":"A review on microvascular hemodynamics: the control of blood flow distribution and tissue oxygenation","volume":"36","author":"Munoz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"key":"B137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5537592","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5537592","article-title":"Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions reporting: Healthcare providers\u2019 experiences from southern highland Tanzania","volume":"2023","author":"Mwakawanga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"B138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01444-9","article-title":"A narrative review of pemphigoid diseases: bridging associations, comorbidities, and management","volume":"15","author":"Myers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther. (Heidelb)"},{"key":"B139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.04169","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced and\/or radiation therapy-induced oral mucositis--complicating the treatment of cancer","volume":"6","author":"Naidu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"B140","volume-title":"Acneiform eruptions,\u201d in","author":"Nair","year":"2025"},{"key":"B141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.105280","article-title":"Direct immunofluorescence in cutaneous vasculitis: experience from a referral hospital in India","volume":"58","author":"Nandeesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. dermatol."},{"key":"B142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14419","article-title":"The 2016 international league of dermatological societies\u2019 revised glossary for the description of cutaneous lesions","volume":"174","author":"Nast","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063303","article-title":"Dermatologic manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction: a review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Natarelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16855","article-title":"Human surface anatomy terminology for dermatology: a Delphi consensus from the international skin imaging collaboration","volume":"34","author":"Navarrete-Dechent","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"B145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2622","article-title":"Skin immune sentinels in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"B146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12948-020-00123-8","article-title":"Urticaria: recommendations from the Italian society of allergology, asthma and clinical immunology and the Italian society of allergological, occupational and environmental dermatology","volume":"18","author":"Nettis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Allergy"},{"key":"B147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S160964","article-title":"A meta-analysis of cyclosporine treatment for stevens-johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"11","author":"Ng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"B148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20081811","article-title":"The dynamics of the skin\u2019s immune system","volume":"20","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18449-4_2","article-title":"Morbilliform drug eruption","volume-title":"Inpatient dermatology","author":"Noe","year":"2018"},{"key":"B150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20766","article-title":"Standardized clinical photography considerations in patients across skin tones","volume":"186","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpge.2016.06.001","article-title":"Acute hepatitis in the DRESS syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"GE Port. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042098620905998","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098620905998","article-title":"Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions manifesting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis reported to the national pharmacovigilance center in Nigeria: a database review from 2004 to 2017","volume":"11","author":"Oshikoya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Drug Saf."},{"key":"B153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2017.01.012","article-title":"Adverse reactions to biologic therapy","volume":"37","author":"Patel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2217\/cpr.14.18","article-title":"An overview of management of drug-induced hair and nail disorders","volume":"11","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Pract."},{"key":"B155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030733","article-title":"Antiphospholipid syndrome: a comprehensive clinical review","volume":"14","author":"Patriarcheas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050913-022745","article-title":"T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to drugs","volume":"66","author":"Pavlos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"B157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91255","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.91255","article-title":"Drug-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis emerging after vancomycin discontinuation in renal impairment: management amid serious infection","volume":"17","author":"Peake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20164665","article-title":"Vancomycin-associated linear IgA disease mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"91","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"B159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1004","article-title":"Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for HLA genotype and use of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine: 2017 update","volume":"103","author":"Phillips","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2024.08.006","article-title":"Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions: how p-i transforms pharmacology into immunology","volume":"74","author":"Pichler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"B161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2019-0056","article-title":"Urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis","volume":"41","author":"Pier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"B162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14704","article-title":"Overlap between maculopapular exanthema and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms among cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a dermatology ward","volume":"175","author":"Pinto Gouveia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2013.06.013","article-title":"Drug-related nail disease","volume":"31","author":"Piraccini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"B165","first-page":"129","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions during treatment with biological agents","volume":"34","author":"Puxeddu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"B166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S544845","article-title":"Risk factors for drug-induced acute generalized exanthematous Pustulosis(AGEP) from 2004 to 2024: a real-world study based on the FAERS","volume":"18","author":"Que","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.33","article-title":"Technology and technique standards for camera-acquired digital dermatologic images: a systematic review","volume":"151","author":"Quigley","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"B168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e221236","DOI":"10.7326\/aimcc.2022.1236","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin\u2013induced skin necrosis without thrombocytopenia","volume":"2","author":"Quiles-Recuenco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aim. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"B169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030704","article-title":"Heart in DRESS\u2019: cardiac manifestations, treatment and outcome of patients with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Radovanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020346","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): focus on the pathophysiological and diagnostic role of viruses","volume":"11","author":"Ramirez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"B171","article-title":"Serum sickness","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Rixe","year":"2025"},{"key":"B172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.111268","article-title":"The assessment of the phototoxic potential of drugs forming complexes with melanin - screening in vitro studies using normal skin cells with varying pigmentation irradiated by a sunlight simulator","volume":"404","author":"Rok","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"B173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623312464311","article-title":"On-target and off-target-based toxicologic effects","volume":"41","author":"Rudmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"B174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2005.02898.x","article-title":"Primary cutaneous small vessel vasculitis: approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"45","author":"Russell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.161","article-title":"Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium (CPIC) guidelines for human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) genotype and allopurinol dosing: 2015 update","volume":"99","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"B176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.164493","article-title":"Livedo reticularis: a review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Sajjan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"B177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/tjd.tjd_44_21","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic drug-induced nail changes: a prospective observational study","volume":"15","author":"Samal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"B178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2024.101552","article-title":"Cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to dulaglutide: a case report of an allergic reaction","volume":"50","author":"Samhani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"B179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.02.008","article-title":"Skin manifestations associated with systemic diseases - part I","volume":"96","author":"Sampaio","year":"2021","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"B180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_196_21","article-title":"RegiSCAR DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) validation scoring system and Japanese consensus group criteria for atypical drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS): a comparative analysis","volume":"13","author":"Sasidharanpillai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"B181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-021-00348-z","article-title":"Updates and insights in the diagnosis and management of DRESS syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Schunkert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Dermatol. Rep."},{"key":"B182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/pigmentinternational_42_24","article-title":"Cydnidae pigmentation: a clinico-dermoscopic case series with review of literature","author":"Sethumadhavan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pigment. Int."},{"key":"B183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.08.090","article-title":"Store-and-forward inpatient teledermatology improves care for hospitalized patients with bullous eruptions after a primary inpatient team consultation: a retrospective study","volume":"90","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-024-00889-6","article-title":"Update on Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: diagnosis and management","volume":"25","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"B185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e178253","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI178253","article-title":"Systemic and skin-limited delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions associate with distinct resident and recruited T cell subsets","volume":"134","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"B186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5851.125263","article-title":"Hand foot syndrome associated with standard dose cytarabine","volume":"34","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Paediatr. Oncol."},{"key":"B187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_419_18","article-title":"Pharmacovigilance of cutaneous adverse drug reactions among patients attending dermatology department at a tertiary care hospital","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian dermatol. Online J."},{"key":"B188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2020.04.002","article-title":"Stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in pregnant patients: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"B189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2023.1080","article-title":"Best practices for sharing images in clinical care, research, and education\u2014protecting patient privacy","volume":"159","author":"Shinkai","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X13483865","article-title":"Fatal anaphylactoid reaction associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"18","author":"Singla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"B191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.02.060","article-title":"DRESS and AGEP reactions to iodinated contrast media: a french case series","volume":"9","author":"Soria","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"B192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.36401\/JIPO-23-14","article-title":"Oral toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: meta-analyses of clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"Srivastava","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"B193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2024.07.021","article-title":"Drug-induced linear IgA bullous dermatosis with extensive mucosal involvement","volume":"52","author":"Starzyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"B194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2025.101087","article-title":"Drug hypersensitivity reactions in children in clinical practice: a WAO statement","volume":"18","author":"Berges-Gimeno","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Allergy organiz. J."},{"key":"B195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10050999","article-title":"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS)\/Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)-Readdressing the DReSS","volume":"10","author":"Stirton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"B196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.017","article-title":"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP): a review and update","volume":"73","author":"Szatkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70382","article-title":"Injection-site and dermatologic reactions associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: insights from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and real-world evidence","volume":"28","author":"Taj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"B198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S557919","article-title":"Survey of drugs induced skin pigmentation (hyper and hypo pigmentation)","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"B199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.4114","article-title":"Relationship between the HLA-B*1502 allele and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Tangamornsuksan","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"B200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608505","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1608505","article-title":"Predictive models for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"B201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24018","article-title":"Non-injection-site necrotic skin lesions complicating postoperative heparin thromboprophylaxis","volume":"90","author":"Tassava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"B202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"xiii","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2023.03.001","article-title":"Diagnosing skin diseases in skin of color","volume":"41","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol. Clin."},{"key":"B203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20232","article-title":"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: european expert consensus for diagnosis and management","volume":"38","author":"Tetart","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"B204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2024.11.035","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor associated lichenoid dermatitis mimicking erythema multiforme major with a germline variant in human leukocyte antigen-B15","volume":"56","author":"Thakker","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep."},{"key":"B205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14235","article-title":"Pathology of drug hypersensitivity reactions and mechanisms of immune tolerance","volume":"52","author":"Thomson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"B206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.01.043","article-title":"The skin and hypercoagulable states","volume":"69","author":"Thornsberry","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"B207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e232670","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2019-232670","article-title":"Livedo racemosa: a cutaneous manifestation of Sneddon\u2019s syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Timoney","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"key":"B208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61122186","article-title":"Equity and generalizability of artificial intelligence for skin-lesion diagnosis using clinical, dermoscopic, and smartphone images: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Tjiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med. Kaunas."},{"key":"B210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_723_22","article-title":"Impact of chemotherapy-induced nail changes on quality of life: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care centre","volume":"69","author":"Trivedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J. dermatol."},{"key":"B211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00360-6","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of inflammatory bowel disease adverse events with anti-interleukin 17A agents and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatic disease and skin psoriasis","volume":"8","author":"Truong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Ther."},{"key":"B212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2078-6891.2013.033","article-title":"A review of cutaneous toxicities from targeted therapies in the treatment of colorectal cancers","volume":"4","author":"Urban","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"B213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2025.102021","article-title":"Dermatologic toxicities related to cancer immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Vaez-Gharamaleki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"key":"B214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730110-00003","article-title":"Drug-induced skin, nail and hair disorders","volume":"30","author":"Valeyrie-Allanore","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"B215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsi.2013.09.008","article-title":"French referral center management of stevens\u2013johnson syndrome\/toxic epidermal necrolysis","volume":"31","author":"Valeyrie-Allanore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Sin."},{"key":"B216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.15406\/ogij.2024.15.00776","article-title":"Hand-foot syndrome, case presentation and literature review","volume":"15","author":"Vargas-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Int. J."},{"key":"B217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"adv00224","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3457","article-title":"A systematic review of drug-induced pemphigoid","volume":"100","author":"Verheyden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"B218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8188","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098188","article-title":"Pathogenesis of oral toxicities associated with targeted therapy and immunotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Villa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"B219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2610","article-title":"Correlation between development of rash and efficacy in patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in two large phase III studies","volume":"13","author":"Wacker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"B220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2021.02.009","article-title":"Immune-related cutaneous adverse events due to checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"B221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2024.100935","article-title":"The systemic treatments for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) beyond corticosteroids","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Allergy organiz. J."},{"key":"B222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2024.04.002","article-title":"A nationwide study of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in hospitalized pregnant women in the United States, 2009-2020","volume":"16","author":"Wasuwanich","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAAD Int."},{"key":"B223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63541","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.63541","article-title":"Fatal myocarditis in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) without mortality-related risk factors: a case report and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"B224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-02245-2","article-title":"Evaluating skin tone scales for dermatologic dataset labeling: a prospective-comparative study","volume":"8","author":"Weir","year":"2025","journal-title":"Npj Digit. Med."},{"key":"B226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2020.06.009","article-title":"Drug reactions affecting hair and nails","volume":"38","author":"Wollina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"B227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-020-00464-9","article-title":"Common causes and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in older adults: a retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Woo","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"B228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08924-2","article-title":"The role of patch testing in evaluating delayed hypersensitivity reactions to medications","volume":"62","author":"Woodruff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"B229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2011.01392.x","article-title":"An approach to the patient with retiform purpura","volume":"24","author":"Wysong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"B230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-025-00924-0","article-title":"Morbilliform eruptions: differentiating low-risk drug eruptions, severe cutaneous adverse reactions, viral eruptions, and acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"26","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"B231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3536","article-title":"Allopurinol use and risk of fatal hypersensitivity reactions: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"175","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"B232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521697","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1521697","article-title":"Linear IgA bullous dermatosis secondary to drugs: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2016.08.006","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestation of drug allergy and hypersensitivity","volume":"37","author":"Zalewska-Janowska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am."},{"key":"B234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.137.7.893","article-title":"Clinical, histological, and immunophenotypic characteristics of injection site reactions associated with etanercept: a recombinant tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 receptor: fc fusion protein","volume":"137","author":"Zeltser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Archives Dermatology"},{"key":"B235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213096","article-title":"HLA-B*13:01 and the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"369","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"B236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15665","article-title":"Successful treatment of hyperpigmentation from fixed drug eruption with a low\u2010dose and large\u2010spot q\u2010switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser","volume":"22","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Drug Safety and Regulation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdsfr.2026.1825005\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T05:48:04Z","timestamp":1781156884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdsfr.2026.1825005\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":236,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdsfr.2026.1825005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdsfr.2026.1825005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2674-0869"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2674-0869","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"article-number":"1825005"}}