{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:18:29Z","timestamp":1790968709004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD044119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD044119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008571","name":"School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008571","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T05:37:33Z","timestamp":1443505053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Genetic Models for the Study of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Function"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Prema","family":"Narayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"27","article-title":"The gonadotropin hormones and their receptors","volume-title":"Yen and Jaffe\u2019s Reproductive Endocrinology","author":"Ascoli","year":"2013","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.23.2.0462","article-title":"The lutropin\/choriogonadotropin receptor, a 2002 perspective","volume":"23","author":"Ascoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-44-5-963","article-title":"HCG binding and stimulation of testosterone biosynthesis in the human fetal testis","volume":"44","author":"Huhtaniemi","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.21.5.0409","article-title":"Mutations of gonadotropins and gonadotropin receptors: elucidating the physiology and pathophysiology of pituitary-gonadal function","volume":"21","author":"Themmen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-15-6-725","article-title":"Hormonal control of gene expression in the ovary","volume":"15","author":"Richards","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1130","article-title":"Ovulation involves the luteinizing hormone-dependent activation of G(q\/11) in granulosa cells","volume":"27","author":"Breen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.195","article-title":"Novel signaling pathways that control ovarian follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization","volume":"57","author":"Richards","year":"2002","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0241","article-title":"A delayed gonadotropin-dependent and growth factor-mediated activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 cascade negatively regulates aromatase expression in granulosa cells","volume":"20","author":"Andric","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI41350","article-title":"The ovary: basic biology and clinical implications","volume":"120","author":"Richards","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.11.002","article-title":"Novel signaling mechanisms in the ovary during oocyte maturation and ovulation","volume":"356","author":"Conti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0496","article-title":"Extracellular signal-regulated kinases are involved in the acute activation of steroidogenesis in immature rat Leydig cells by human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"145","author":"Martinelle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0160","article-title":"Lutropin\/choriogonadotropin stimulate the proliferation of primary cultures of rat Leydig cells through a pathway that involves activation of the extracellularly regulated kinase 1\/2 cascade","volume":"148","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27525","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M803867200","article-title":"Cross-talk between G protein-coupled and epidermal growth factor receptors regulates gonadotropin-mediated steroidogenesis in Leydig cells","volume":"283","author":"Evaul","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3766","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0207","article-title":"Activation of the lutropin\/choriogonadotropin receptor inhibits apoptosis of immature Leydig cells in primary culture","volume":"150","author":"Tai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-0059","article-title":"The Leydig cell MEK\/ERK pathway is critical for maintaining a functional population of adult Leydig cells and for fertility","volume":"25","author":"Yamashita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171396","article-title":"MAPK3\/1 (ERK1\/2) in ovarian granulosa cells are essential for female fertility","volume":"324","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00663","article-title":"An update of the pathophysiology of human gonadotrophin subunit and receptor gene mutations and polymorphisms","volume":"130","author":"Themmen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.6.0124","article-title":"A homozygous mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor causes partial Leydig cell hypoplasia: correlation between receptor activity and phenotype","volume":"12","author":"Martens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320260212","article-title":"A clinico-genetic investigation of Leydig cell hypoplasia","volume":"26","author":"Saldanha","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1086\/302602","article-title":"Naturally occurring mutations of the luteinizing-hormone receptor: lessons learned about reproductive physiology and G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"65","author":"Latronico","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.11.1779","article-title":"Cosegregation of missense mutations of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene with familial male-limited precocious puberty","volume":"2","author":"Kremer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/365652a0","article-title":"A constitutively activating mutation of the luteinizing hormone receptor in familial male precocious puberty","volume":"365","author":"Shenker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80460-1","article-title":"Pituitary gonadotropin-independent male-limited autosomal dominant sexual precocity in nine generations: familial testotoxicosis","volume":"106","author":"Egli","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"990","article-title":"Testicular changes in gonadotropin-independent familial male sexual precocity. Familial testotoxicosis","volume":"109","author":"Gondos","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.2.4579","article-title":"A mutation in the first transmembrane domain of the lutropin receptor causes male precocious puberty","volume":"83","author":"Gromoll","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-52-2-271","article-title":"Testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia as a cause of familial sexual precocity","volume":"52","author":"Schedewie","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-57-3-571","article-title":"Gonadotropin-independent familial sexual precocity with premature Leydig and Germinal cell maturation (familial testotoxicosis): effects of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing factor agonist and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy in four cases","volume":"57","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.1906","article-title":"Genetic heterogeneity of constitutively activating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor in familial male-limited precocious puberty","volume":"92","author":"Laue","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D343","DOI":"10.2741\/Wu","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone receptor mutations in disorders of sexual development and cancer","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912023412304","article-title":"Leydig-cell tumors caused by an activating mutation of the gene encoding the luteinizing hormone receptor","volume":"341","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10218","article-title":"Mutational analysis of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene in two individuals with Leydig cell tumors","volume":"108","author":"Canto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.3.1052","article-title":"Male LH-independent sexual precocity in a 3.5-year-old boy caused by a somatic activating mutation of the LH receptor in a Leydig cell tumor","volume":"87","author":"Richter-Unruh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201163260306","article-title":"Hypogonadism caused by a single amino acid substitution in the b-subunit of luteinizing hormone","volume":"326","author":"Weiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040326","article-title":"Brief report: hypogonadism in a patient with a mutation in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit gene","volume":"351","author":"Valdes-Socin","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071999","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone beta mutation and hypogonadism in men and women","volume":"357","author":"Lofrano-Porto","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602223340805","article-title":"Brief report: testicular and ovarian resistance to luteinizing hormone caused by inactivating mutations of the luteinizing hormone-receptor gene","volume":"334","author":"Latronico","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3850","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.81.11.8923827","article-title":"An inactivating mutation of the luteinizing hormone receptor causes amenorrhea in a 46,XX female","volume":"81","author":"Toledo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.12.3.0077","article-title":"A homozygous microdeletion in helix 7 of the luteinizing hormone receptor associated with familial testicular and ovarian resistance is due to both decreased cell surface expression and impaired effector activation by the cell surface receptor","volume":"12","author":"Latronico","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.6.4855","article-title":"A novel mutation of the human luteinizing hormone receptor in 46XY and 46XX sisters","volume":"83","author":"Stavrou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805792","article-title":"Normal spermatogenesis in a man with mutant luteinizing hormone","volume":"361","author":"Achard","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.15.1.0586","article-title":"Targeted disruption of luteinizing hormone\/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor gene","volume":"15","author":"Lei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.15.1.0582","article-title":"Normal prenatal but arrested postnatal sexual development of luteinizing hormone receptor knockout (LuRKO) mice","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404743101","article-title":"Targeted disruption of luteinizing hormone beta-subunit leads to hypogonadism, defects in gonadal steroidogenesis, and infertility","volume":"101","author":"Ma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2179","article-title":"Precocious puberty and Leydig cell hyperplasia in male mice with a gain of function mutation in the LH receptor gene","volume":"154","author":"McGee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"16","key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.129072","article-title":"Infertility in female mice with a gain-of-function mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor is due to irregular estrous cyclicity, anovulation, hormonal alterations, and polycystic ovaries","volume":"93","author":"Hai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.5.1322","article-title":"Targeted overexpression of luteinizing hormone in transgenic mice leads to infertility, polycystic ovaries, and ovarian tumors","volume":"92","author":"Risma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4084","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220490","article-title":"Reproductive disturbances, pituitary lactotrope adenomas, and mammary gland tumors in transgenic female mice producing high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"143","author":"Rulli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4980","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0403","article-title":"Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and infertility in transgenic male mice overexpressing human chorionic gonadotropin","volume":"144","author":"Rulli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.013953","article-title":"Overexpression of human chorionic gonadotropin causes multiple reproductive defects in transgenic mice","volume":"69","author":"Matzuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.03.045","article-title":"Constitutively active luteinizing hormone receptors: consequences of in vivo expression","volume":"260-262","author":"Meehan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.16.2007","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the pituitary glycoprotein hormone a-subunit produces hypogonadal and hypothyroid mice","volume":"9","author":"Kendall","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1049","article-title":"Molecular characterization of postnatal development of testicular steroidogenesis in luteinizing hormone receptor knockout mice","volume":"145","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031161","article-title":"Testicular phenotype in luteinizing hormone receptor knockout animals and the effect of testosterone replacement therapy","volume":"71","author":"Lei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0913","article-title":"Testosterone replacement therapy induces spermatogenesis and partially restores fertility in luteinizing hormone receptor knockout mice","volume":"146","author":"Pakarainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00694-3","article-title":"Consequences of targeted inactivation of LH receptors","volume":"187","author":"Rao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2232815100","article-title":"The low gonadotropin-independent constitutive production of testicular testosterone is sufficient to maintain spermatogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.3.663","article-title":"Development of luteinizing hormone action in the perinatal rat ovary","volume":"55","author":"Sokka","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.3.602","article-title":"Regulation of luteinizing hormone-receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels during development in the neonatal mouse ovary","volume":"57","author":"O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0075","article-title":"Knockout of luteinizing hormone receptor abolishes the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on preovulatory maturation and ovulation of mouse graafian follicles","volume":"19","author":"Pakarainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31813","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.50.31813","article-title":"The role of Asp578 in maintaining the inactive conformation of the human lutropin\/choriogonadotropin receptor","volume":"271","author":"Kosugi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod17.2.298","article-title":"Preputial separation as an external sign of pubertal development in the male rat","volume":"17","author":"Korenbrot","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.3.12.2232","article-title":"Differential, multihormonal regulation of the mouse major urinary protein gene family in the liver","volume":"3","author":"Knopf","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021051","article-title":"Desensitization of Gs-coupled receptor signaling by constitutively active mutants of the human lutropin\/choriogonadotropin receptor","volume":"88","author":"Shinozaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.8.5313","article-title":"Elevated luteinizing hormone in prepubertal transgenic mice causes hyperandrogenemia, precocious puberty, and substantial ovarian pathology","volume":"138","author":"Risma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.5.1233","article-title":"Chronically elevated luteinizing hormone depletes primordial follicles in the mouse ovary","volume":"57","author":"Flaws","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.6.6927","article-title":"Transgenic mice with chronically elevated luteinizing hormone are infertile due to anovulation, defects in uterine receptivity, and midgestation pregnancy failure","volume":"140","author":"Mann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.1.383","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone induction of ovarian tumors: oligogenic differences between mouse strains dictates tumor disposition","volume":"97","author":"Keri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2002-220228","article-title":"Ovarian hyperstimulation by LH leads to mammary gland hyperplasia and cancer predisposition in transgenic mice","volume":"143","author":"Milliken","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7716","article-title":"Elevated luteinizing hormone induces expression of its receptor and promotes steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex","volume":"105","author":"Kero","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E812","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00367.2002","article-title":"Obesity in transgenic female mice with constitutively elevated luteinizing hormone secretion","volume":"285","author":"Kero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0208","article-title":"Yoked complexes of human choriogonadotropin and the lutropin receptor: evidence that monomeric individual subunits are inactive","volume":"16","author":"Narayan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7301","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208893","article-title":"Fetal but not adult Leydig cells are susceptible to adenoma formation in response to persistently high hCG level: a study on hCG overexpressing transgenic mice","volume":"24","author":"Ahtiainen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2004.10.013","article-title":"Multiple sites of tumorigenesis in transgenic mice overproducing hCG","volume":"234","author":"Huhtaniemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31638","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.49.31638","article-title":"Protein engineering of a novel constitutively active hormone-receptor complex","volume":"271","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.1.01669","article-title":"Gonadal defects and hormonal alterations in transgenic mice expressing a single chain human chorionic gonadotropin-lutropin receptor complex","volume":"34","author":"Meehan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.10.016","article-title":"Impact of a constitutively active luteinizing hormone receptor on testicular gene expression and postnatal Leydig cell development","volume":"298","author":"Coonce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00217-8","article-title":"Mutations of follicle stimulating hormone-beta and its receptor in human and mouse: genotype\/phenotype","volume":"161","author":"Layman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.6.8243314","article-title":"Induction of ovarian follicle luteinization by recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone","volume":"133","author":"Tapanainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.5.8477652","article-title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin or human recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced ovulation and subsequent fertilization and early embryo development in hypophysectomized FSH-primed mice","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2012-1219","article-title":"Temporal role of sertoli cell androgen receptor expression in spermatogenic development","volume":"27","author":"Hazra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.114477","article-title":"Nodular Leydig cell hyperplasia in a boy with familial male-limited precocious puberty","volume":"138","author":"Leschek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.10.3802","article-title":"Response to challenge with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in a mother and her two sons with a constitutively activating mutation of the luteinizing hormone receptor\u2009\u2013\u2009a clinical research center study","volume":"81","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.47.595","article-title":"Substitution of M398T in the second transmembrane helix of the LH receptor in a patient with familial male-limited precocious puberty","volume":"47","author":"Ignacak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344001","article-title":"Study of the family of a patient with male-limited precocious puberty (MPP) due to T1193C transition in exon 11 of LH receptor gene","volume":"25","author":"Ignacak","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0036","article-title":"Gonadotropins and ovarian cancer","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0693","article-title":"Psychiatric characterization of children with genetic causes of hyperandrogenism","volume":"163","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.05.010","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone as a key player in the cognitive decline of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","author":"Burnham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:29:2:257","article-title":"The role of gonadotropins in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: potential neurodegenerative mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Barron","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2006.01.008","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone modulates cognition and amyloid-beta deposition in Alzheimer APP transgenic mice","volume":"1762","author":"Casadesus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311395200","article-title":"Identification and structural characterization of the neuronal luteinizing hormone receptor associated with sensory systems","volume":"279","author":"Apaja","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T16:25:18Z","timestamp":1498235118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/Article\/10.3389\/fendo.2015.00152\/abstract"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]]},"references-count":90,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2015.00152","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]]}}}