{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:43:39Z","timestamp":1790790219025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK063493 and DK092616; DK020595, PI G.I. Bell"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK063493 and DK092616; DK020595, PI G.I. Bell"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,9]],"date-time":"2016-10-09T23:12:00Z","timestamp":1476054720000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Leonid E.","family":"Fridlyand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia A.","family":"Tamarina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew V.","family":"Schally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis H.","family":"Philipson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9922","key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62154-6","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of type\u20092 diabetes: perspectives on the past, present, and future","volume":"383","author":"Kahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.08.002","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptors and islet function-implications for treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"116","author":"Winzell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.05.004","article-title":"An atlas and functional analysis of G-protein coupled receptors in human islets of Langerhans","volume":"139","author":"Amisten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0152869","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152869","article-title":"Pancreatic beta cell G-protein coupled receptors and second messenger interactions: a systems biology computational analysis","volume":"11","author":"Fridlyand","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.03.006","article-title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone: not only a neurohormone","volume":"22","author":"Kiaris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"37","key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907843106","article-title":"Expression of neuropeptide hormone receptors in human adrenal tumors and cell lines: antiproliferative effects of peptide analogues","volume":"106","author":"Ziegler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"44","key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13651","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518540112","article-title":"Beneficial effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists on rat INS-1 cells and on streptozotocin-induced NOD\/SCID mice","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221505110","article-title":"Transplantation of pancreatic islets to adrenal gland is promoted by agonists of growth-hormone-releasing hormone","volume":"110","author":"Schubert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.12.010","article-title":"Synthesis of new potent agonistic analogs of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and evaluation of their endocrine and cardiac activities","volume":"52","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"405","article-title":"Aspects of hypothalamus regulation of the pituitary gland with major emphasis on its implications for the control of reproductive processes. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1977","volume-title":"Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1071-1980","author":"Schally","year":"1992"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"35","article-title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone: synthesis and signaling","volume":"50","author":"Mayo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114049","article-title":"Dipeptidylpeptidase IV and trypsin-like enzymatic degradation of human growth hormone-releasing hormone in plasma","volume":"83","author":"Frohman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj1954.33.875","article-title":"Plasma disappearance half-time and metabolic clearance rate of exogenous human growth hormone-releasing hormone-(1-44)-NH2 in normal subjects","volume":"33","author":"Okimura","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocrinol Jpn"},{"issue":"3","key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12591","article-title":"Incretin therapies: highlighting common features and differences in the modes of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors","volume":"18","author":"Nauck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0440-x","article-title":"Peripheral activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone","volume":"39","author":"Granata","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00613-6","article-title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary development, hyperplasia and tumorigenesis","volume":"13","author":"Frohman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:7:1-2:003","article-title":"Class II G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands in neuronal function and protection","volume":"7","author":"Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-6-2927","article-title":"Intracellular calcium concentration and growth hormone secretion in individual somatotropes: effects of growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin","volume":"122","author":"Holl","year":"1988","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00872.2006","article-title":"Mechanism of spontaneous and receptor-controlled electrical activity in pituitary somatotrophs: experiments and theory","volume":"98","author":"Tsaneva-Atanasova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020949507265","article-title":"Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH receptor","volume":"3","author":"Lin-Su","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2011.011306","article-title":"Nanobiology and physiology of growth hormone secretion","volume":"237","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"6","key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0005","article-title":"Ion channels and signaling in the pituitary gland","volume":"31","author":"Stojilkovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2000.00917.x","article-title":"Diverse intracellular signalling systems used by growth hormone-releasing hormone in regulating voltage-gated Ca2+ or K channels in pituitary somatotropes","volume":"78","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.2.511","article-title":"Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion","volume":"79","author":"Muller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4726","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0405","article-title":"Involvement of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current and protein kinase C in the action of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone on primary cultured somatotropes from GH-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice","volume":"149","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.6.7513","article-title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase","volume":"141","author":"Pombo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:12:3:257","article-title":"Stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in rat somatotrophs by growth hormone-releasing hormone","volume":"12","author":"Zeitler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp090","article-title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes survival of cardiac myocytes in vitro and protects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rat heart","volume":"83","author":"Granata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4872","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.11.4872","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of superactive agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone","volume":"92","author":"Izdebski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0677","article-title":"Antagonists of growth-hormone-releasing hormone: an emerging new therapy for cancer","volume":"4","author":"Schally","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511348103","article-title":"Lipopeptide antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone with improved antitumor activities","volume":"103","author":"Zarandi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9728","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3303","article-title":"New therapeutic approach to heart failure due to myocardial infarction based on targeting growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor","volume":"6","author":"Kanashiro-Takeuchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"6","key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121075109","article-title":"Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone reduces pneumolysin-induced pulmonary permeability edema","volume":"109","author":"Lucas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337496100","article-title":"Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists inhibit the proliferation of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancers","volume":"100","author":"Letsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"17","key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.4161\/15384101.2015.945879","article-title":"Novel GHRH antagonists suppress the growth of human malignant melanoma by restoring nuclear p27 function","volume":"13","author":"Szalontay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"issue":"28","key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12623","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1005098107","article-title":"Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone as a potential effector for survival and proliferation of pancreatic islets","volume":"107","author":"Ludwig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"33","key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13722","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110965108","article-title":"Modulation of pancreatic islets-stress axis by hypothalamic releasing hormones and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","volume":"108","author":"Schmid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000181509","article-title":"Mechanism of action of growth-hormone-releasing hormone in stimulating insulin secretion in vitro from isolated rat islets and dispersed islet cells","volume":"33","author":"Green","year":"1990","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1230019","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on the secretion of islet hormones and on glucose homeostasis in lean and genetically obese-diabetic (ob\/ob) mice and normal rats","volume":"123","author":"Bailey","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.1140589","article-title":"Characterization of growth hormone-releasing hormone stimulation of the endocrine pancreas: studies with alpha- and beta-adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists","volume":"114","author":"Hermansen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"13","key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5022","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1201868109","article-title":"Improvement of islet function in a bioartificial pancreas by enhanced oxygen supply and growth hormone releasing hormone agonist","volume":"109","author":"Ludwig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90847-0","article-title":"Ectopic hormone production","volume":"70","author":"Frohman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9790-0","article-title":"Ectopic acromegaly due to growth hormone releasing hormone","volume":"43","author":"Ghazi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"5889","key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/300276a0","article-title":"Characterization of a growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic islet tumour","volume":"300","author":"Rivier","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-58-1-212","article-title":"Plasma growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing factor in acromegalic patients","volume":"58","author":"Shibasaki","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-030212-183754","article-title":"Regulation of insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets","volume":"75","author":"Rorsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2014.09.001","article-title":"Calcium signaling in pancreatic beta-cells in health and in type 2 diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Gilon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"issue":"5","key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.5.1030","article-title":"The cephalic insulin response to meal ingestion in humans is dependent on both cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms and is important for postprandial glycemia","volume":"50","author":"Ahren","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0579","article-title":"Cephalic phase insulin secretion is KATP channel independent","volume":"218","author":"Seino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.04.008","article-title":"Pharmacology, physiology, and mechanisms of incretin hormone action","volume":"17","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.01.010","article-title":"Chronic hyperglycemia downregulates GLP-1 receptor signaling in pancreatic beta-cells via protein kinase A","volume":"4","author":"Rajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800101-1.00002-8","article-title":"Regulation of glucose homeostasis by GLP-1","volume":"121","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"44","key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33623","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.085084","article-title":"Adiponectin-induced ERK and Akt phosphorylation protects against pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and increases insulin gene expression and secretion","volume":"285","author":"Wijesekara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.01.010","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the miR-212\/miR-132 cluster in insulin-secreting beta-cells by cAMP-regulated transcriptional co-activator 1 and salt-inducible kinases","volume":"424","author":"Malm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"51","key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20470","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811209106","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists in LNCaP human prostate cancer line","volume":"105","author":"Barabutis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"8","key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.8.1942","article-title":"Does the glucose-dependent insulin secretion mechanism itself cause oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells?","volume":"53","author":"Fridlyand","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06826.x","article-title":"The role of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis","volume":"1281","author":"Padgett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525520113","article-title":"Role of growth hormone-releasing hormone in dyslipidemia associated with experimental type 1 diabetes","volume":"113","author":"Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4161\/isl.22193","article-title":"A computational systems analysis of factors regulating alpha cell glucagon secretion","volume":"4","author":"Fridlyand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Islets"},{"issue":"2","key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E130","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00344.2014","article-title":"Somatostatin and insulin mediate glucose-inhibited glucagon secretion in the pancreatic alpha-cell by lowering cAMP","volume":"308","author":"Elliott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1499","article-title":"Minireview: glucagon in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes","volume":"153","author":"Cryer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2016.00129\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T07:54:39Z","timestamp":1568447679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2016.00129\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]]},"references-count":61,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2016.00129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,10]]}}}