{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:39:12Z","timestamp":1791272352174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T03:52:34Z","timestamp":1484625154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Gastrin and Gastric Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Helge L.","family":"Waldum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv","family":"Sagatun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Mj\u00f8nes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(03)00360-5","article-title":"Comparison of stomach cancer incidence and survival in four continents","volume":"39","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2015.05.012","article-title":"Screening and early detection of gastric cancer: East versus West","volume":"95","author":"Suh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i3.354","article-title":"Epidemiology of gastric cancer","volume":"12","author":"Crew","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.080358","article-title":"Why does Japan have a high incidence of gastric cancer? Comparison of gastritis between UK and Japanese patients","volume":"55","author":"Naylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20001101)89:91883::AID-CNCR33.3.CO;2-8","article-title":"Asian patients with gastric carcinoma in the United States exhibit unique clinical features and superior overall and cancer specific survival rates","volume":"89","author":"Theuer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2015.2856","article-title":"Update on Epstein-Barr virus and gastric cancer (review)","volume":"46","author":"Shinozaki-Ushiku","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6632","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i21.6632","article-title":"Potential role of human papilloma virus in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer","volume":"20","author":"Snietura","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200003000-00009","article-title":"Histology of the gastroesophageal junction: an autopsy study","volume":"24","author":"Chandrasoma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01930.x","article-title":"The gastric cardia: fact or fiction?","volume":"95","author":"Kilgore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-305964","article-title":"Cell lineage distribution atlas of the human stomach reveals heterogeneous gland populations in the gastric antrum","volume":"63","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388805","article-title":"Endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract have no proliferative capacity","volume":"27","author":"Barrett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90610-D","article-title":"Gastrin stimulates the self-replication rate of enterochromaffinlike cells in the rat stomach. Effects of omeprazole, ranitidine, and gastrin-17 in intact and antrectomized rats","volume":"99","author":"Ryberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000200235","article-title":"Self-replication of enterochromaffin-like cells in the mouse stomach","volume":"45","author":"Tielemans","year":"1990","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02520","article-title":"Adult pancreatic beta-cells are formed by self-duplication rather than stem-cell differentiation","volume":"429","author":"Dor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hypergastrinemia and enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia","volume":"71","author":"Delle Fave","year":"1998","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.2.477","article-title":"Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages","volume":"110","author":"Thompson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.4.406","article-title":"Kinetics of enteroendocrine cells with implications for their origin: a study of the cholecystokinin and gastrin subpopulations combining tritiated thymidine labelling with immunocytochemistry in the mouse","volume":"31","author":"Thompson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.10.783","article-title":"Neural crest origin of the endocrine polypeptide (APUD) cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas","volume":"12","author":"Pearse","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(1998100)186:2117::AID-PATH1523.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"The origin of gut and pancreatic neuroendocrine (APUD) cells \u2013 the last word?","volume":"186","author":"Andrew","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1126\/science.382360","article-title":"Somatostatin cell processes as pathways for paracrine secretion","volume":"205","author":"Larsson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.558113","article-title":"Parietal cell activation by arborization of ECL cell cytoplasmic projections is likely the mechanism for histamine induced secretion of hydrochloric acid","volume":"46","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90657-2","article-title":"Chromogranin: a newly recognized marker for endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract","volume":"89","author":"Facer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90374-5","article-title":"Identification of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cells in normal and neoplastic human tissue with antibodies against synaptophysin, chromogranin A, secretogranin I (chromogranin B), and secretogranin II","volume":"95","author":"Wiedenmann","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528708991918","article-title":"Gastrin produces an immediate and dose-dependent histamine release preceding acid secretion in the totally isolated, vascularly perfused rat stomach","volume":"22","author":"Sandvik","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.10.1303","article-title":"Trophic effect of gastrin on the enterochromaffin like cells of the rat stomach: establishment of a dose response relationship","volume":"33","author":"Brenna","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5752.16","article-title":"Serum gastrin in chronic gastritis","volume":"2","author":"Korman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"319","article-title":"Changes of plasma gastrin concentration associated with drugs for peptic ulceration","volume-title":"Gastrin","author":"Pounder","year":"1993"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02331403","article-title":"Non-proliferative capacity of endocrine cells of the human gastro-intestinal tract","volume":"28","author":"Waldum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1955.35","article-title":"Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa","volume":"9","author":"Morson","year":"1955","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration","volume":"1","author":"Marshall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110173251603","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma","volume":"325","author":"Parsonnet","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.01.028","article-title":"Association between Helicobacter pylori eradication and gastric cancer incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.12.11.906","article-title":"Simple atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92752-9","article-title":"Campylobacter pylori and duodenal ulcers: the gastrin link","volume":"1","author":"Levi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607253350404","article-title":"The risk of stomach cancer in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer disease","volume":"335","author":"Hansson","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001999","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer","volume":"345","author":"Uemura","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528109181996","article-title":"Serum group I pepsinogens","volume":"16","author":"Waldum","year":"1981","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"51","article-title":"Biomarkers in clinical practice: a tool to find subjects at high risk for stomach cancer. A personal view","volume":"51","author":"Sipponen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Med Sci"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.5.367","article-title":"Comparison of precancerous conditions: atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in Helicobacter pylori gastritis among Chinese and Dutch patients","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.071","article-title":"Gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands","volume":"134","author":"de Vries","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"6735","article-title":"Human gastric carcinogenesis: a multistep and multifactorial process \u2013 First American Cancer Society Award Lecture on Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention","volume":"52","author":"Correa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h3867","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h3867","article-title":"Incidence of gastric cancer among patients with gastric precancerous lesions: observational cohort study in a low risk Western population","volume":"351","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1017972204219","article-title":"Gastric carcinoid tumors without autoimmune gastritis in Japan: a relationship with Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"47","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930201)71:3745::AID-CNCR28207103163.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Pernicious anemia and subsequent cancer. A population-based cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Hsing","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/32918","article-title":"E-cadherin germline mutations in familial gastric cancer","volume":"392","author":"Guilford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddv054","article-title":"Exome sequencing identifies ATP4A gene as responsible of an atypical familial type I gastric neuroendocrine tumour","volume":"24","author":"Calvete","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12546","article-title":"ECL-cell carcinoids and carcinoma in patients homozygous for an inactivating mutation in the gastric H(+) K(+) ATPase alpha subunit","volume":"124","author":"Fossmark","year":"2016","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13480","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma","volume":"513","author":"Network","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.1965.64.1.31","article-title":"The two histological main types of gastric carcinoma: diffuse and so-called intestinal-type carcinoma. An attempt at histo-clinical classification","volume":"64","author":"Lauren","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507063330107","article-title":"Gastric carcinoma","volume":"333","author":"Fuchs","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"1","article-title":"The chemistry of Schiff\u2019s reagent","volume-title":"International Review of Cytology","author":"Karsten","year":"1960"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.5A6806.2005","article-title":"Signet ring cells in gastric carcinomas are derived from neuroendocrine cells","volume":"54","author":"Bakkelund","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2014.02.008","article-title":"The PAS positive material in gastric cancer cells of signet ring type is not mucin","volume":"96","author":"Sordal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980801)83:3435::AID-CNCR113.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in human gastric carcinoma","volume":"83","author":"Waldum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"245","article-title":"Are diffuse gastric carcinomas neuroendocrine tumours (ECL-omas)?","volume":"3","author":"Waldum","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195607\/08)9:4698::AID-CNCR28200904123.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Carcinoid tumors of the stomach","volume":"9","author":"Grossi","year":"1956","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"325","article-title":"Relationship of ECL cells and gastric neoplasia","volume":"71","author":"Waldum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3109\/00313027909059024","article-title":"Mucins and carcinoid tumours","volume":"11","author":"Whitehead","year":"1979","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0463.2002.100302.x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine differentiation in gastric adenocarcinomas associated with severe hypergastrinemia and\/or pernicious anemia","volume":"110","author":"Qvigstad","year":"2002","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199006000-00001","article-title":"Gastric argyrophil carcinoidosis in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia. A newly recognized association","volume":"14","author":"Solcia","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(85)90131-3","article-title":"Gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia and carcinoid tumors in pernicious anemia","volume":"88","author":"Borch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12820-6_12","article-title":"Carcinoid (ECL cell) tumor of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach: a hormone-dependent neoplasm?","volume-title":"Progress in Surgical Pathology","author":"Bordi","year":"1988"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.12.1284","article-title":"Association of long lasting unsurmountable histamine H2 blockade and gastric carcinoid tumours in the rat","volume":"26","author":"Poynter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1159\/000199381","article-title":"Enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids of gastric mucosa in rats after life-long inhibition of gastric secretion","volume":"35","author":"Havu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1159\/000200245","article-title":"Enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids in the rat gastric mucosa following long-term administration of ranitidine","volume":"45","author":"Havu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00010.x","article-title":"Tolerance during 29 days of conventional dosing with cimetidine, nizatidine, famotidine or ranitidine","volume":"4","author":"Nwokolo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.9.957","article-title":"Optimal dose of oral omeprazole for maximal 24 hour decrease of intragastric acidity","volume":"25","author":"Sharma","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000199615","article-title":"Long-term omeprazole treatment in man: effects on gastric endocrine cell populations","volume":"39","author":"Lamberts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.5.649","article-title":"Marked increase in gastric acid secretory capacity after omeprazole treatment","volume":"39","author":"Waldum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.058","article-title":"Proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of therapy","volume":"137","author":"Reimer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2000.00768.x","article-title":"Review article: potential gastrointestinal effects of long-term acid suppression with proton pump inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Laine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13324","article-title":"Systematic review: the effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor use on serum gastrin levels and gastric histology","volume":"42","author":"Lundell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B73","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Omeprazole Magnesium Tablets","author":"Advisory Commitee","year":"2000"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12012","article-title":"Gastric carcinoids after long-term use of a proton pump inhibitor","volume":"36","author":"Jianu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2015.1054426","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms and proton pump inhibitors: fact or coincidence?","volume":"50","author":"Cavalcoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-015-4014-0","article-title":"Solitary gastric carcinoid tumor associated with long-term use of omeprazole: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Nandy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2011.627444","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma after long-term use of proton pump inhibitor","volume":"47","author":"Jianu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12090","article-title":"Treatment of gastric carcinoids type 1 with the gastrin receptor antagonist netazepide (YF476) results in regression of tumours and normalisation of serum chromogranin A","volume":"36","author":"Fossmark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410005225","article-title":"Treatment of ECL cell carcinoids with octreotide LAR","volume":"39","author":"Fykse","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.11.1217","article-title":"Carcinoma of the gastric stump: risks and pathogenesis","volume":"31","author":"Northfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"B81","first-page":"431","article-title":"Do neuroendocrine cells, particularly the D-cell, play a role in the development of gastric stump cancer?","volume":"18","author":"Waldum","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1999.tb01513.x","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological tumour progression in ECL cell carcinoids (\u201cECLomas\u201d)","volume":"107","author":"Qvigstad","year":"1999","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850166266","article-title":"The risk of gastric carcinoma and carcinoid tumours in patients with pernicious anaemia. A prospective follow-up study","volume":"33","author":"Kokkola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1991.489","article-title":"Serum gastrin levels in patients with intestinal and diffuse type of gastric cancer","volume":"64","author":"Rakic","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12380","article-title":"Hypergastrinemia is associated with adenocarcinomas in the gastric corpus and shorter patient survival","volume":"123","author":"Fossmark","year":"2015","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(73)80087-3","article-title":"Serum and tissue gastrin concentrations in patients with carcinoma of the stomach","volume":"64","author":"McGuigan","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10375","article-title":"Patterns of gastric atrophy in intestinal type gastric carcinoma","volume":"94","author":"El-Zimaity","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70027-7","article-title":"Regenerating gene protein may mediate gastric mucosal proliferation induced by hypergastrinemia in rats","volume":"115","author":"Fukui","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3468-9","article-title":"Gastrin may mediate the carcinogenic effect of Helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach","volume":"60","author":"Waldum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2016.1143527","article-title":"Does long-term profound inhibition of gastric acid secretion increase the risk of ECL cell-derived tumors in man?","volume":"51","author":"Waldum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0724-1","article-title":"Inhibiting the proton pump: mechanisms, benefits, harms, and questions","volume":"14","author":"Aronson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2001.00890.x","article-title":"Serum chromogranin A as a screening test for gastric enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia during acid-suppressive therapy","volume":"31","author":"Sanduleanu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00001\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,14]],"date-time":"2025-06-14T14:43:51Z","timestamp":1749912231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journal.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00001\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"references-count":92,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]}}}