{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T16:51:34Z","timestamp":1779123094348,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/10671-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/10671-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]],"date-time":"2018-08-28T04:21:49Z","timestamp":1535430109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global Disruption of \u03b12A Adrenoceptor Barely Affects Bone Tissue but Minimizes the Detrimental Effects of Thyrotoxicosis on Cortical Bone"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gisele M.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia B. C. G.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos V.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Neofiti-Papi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Miranda-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia C.","family":"Brum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia H. A.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1106","article-title":"Role of thyroid hormones in skeletal development and bone maintenance","volume":"37","author":"Bassett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.417","article-title":"Serum insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, and bone mineral content in hyperthyroidism","volume":"10","author":"Lakatos","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1710015","article-title":"GH substitution reverses the growth phenotype but not the defective ossification in thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1-\/-beta-\/- mice","volume":"171","author":"Kindblom","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)80896-7","article-title":"Triiodothyronine stimulates proliferation of osteoblast-like cells in serum-free culture","volume":"220","author":"Ernst","year":"1987","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900356","article-title":"Triiodothyronine, a regulator of osteoblastic differentiation: depression of histone H4, attenuation of c-fos\/c-jun, and induction of osteocalcin expression","volume":"61","author":"Varga","year":"1997","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9230-1","article-title":"The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta-selective agonist GC-1 inhibits proliferation but induces differentiation and TR beta mRNA expression in mouse and rat osteoblast-like cells","volume":"84","author":"Beber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2017.06.002","article-title":"Thyroid hormone and skeletal development","volume":"106","author":"Gouveia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vitam Horm."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90098-3","article-title":"Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors in cultured bone cells","volume":"35","author":"Rizzoli","year":"1986","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00097-5","article-title":"The expression of thyroid hormone receptors in human bone","volume":"21","author":"Abu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19990915)74:4<684::AID-JCB17>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Expression of multiple thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in rat femoral and vertebral bone and in bone marrow osteogenic cultures","volume":"74","author":"Milne","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2000.10.287","article-title":"The localization of thyroid hormone receptor mRNAs in human bone","volume":"10","author":"Abu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1996.160289.x","article-title":"The isoform-specific expression of the tri-iodothyronine receptor in osteoblasts and osteoclasts","volume":"26","author":"Allain","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.12.2431","article-title":"Thyroid hormones regulate hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation and expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor during endochondral bone formation","volume":"15","author":"Stevens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1978.tb02012.x","article-title":"Morphometric and dynamic studies of bone changes in hypothyroidism","volume":"86","author":"Mosekilde","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(86)90681-2","article-title":"Kinetics of trabecular bone resorption and formation in hypothyroidism: evidence for a positive balance per remodeling cycle","volume":"7","author":"Eriksen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0753-4","article-title":"Thyroid diseases and bone health","volume":"41","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0840559","article-title":"The interrelationships between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, serum parathyroid hormone and bone changes in anticonvulsant osteomalacia","volume":"84","author":"Mosekilde","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0850515","article-title":"Bone changes in hyperthyroidism: interrelationships between bone morphometry, thyroid function and calcium-phosphorus metabolism","volume":"85","author":"Mosekilde","year":"","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00074-N","article-title":"A histomorphometric study of bone changes in thyroid dysfunction in rats","volume":"16","author":"Allain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0059","article-title":"The skeletal consequences of thyrotoxicosis","volume":"213","author":"Nicholls","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Endocrinol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1994.4.319","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone therapy, and bone","volume":"4","author":"Ross","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503322238854","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism, bone mineral, and fracture risk\u2013a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9752-4","article-title":"Control of bone remodeling by the peripheral sympathetic nervous system","volume":"94","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81558-5","article-title":"Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass","volume":"100","author":"Ducy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01049-8","article-title":"Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system","volume":"111","author":"Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00649-6","article-title":"Expression of mRNAs for neuropeptide receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors in human osteoblasts and human osteogenic sarcoma cells","volume":"233","author":"Togari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03398","article-title":"Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART","volume":"434","author":"Elefteriou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.243","article-title":"Double disruption of alpha2A- and alpha2C-adrenoceptors results in sympathetic hyperactivity and high-bone-mass phenotype","volume":"26","author":"Fonseca","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33380-X","article-title":"Characterization of [3H]yohimbine binding to putative alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in neonatal rat lung","volume":"223","author":"Latifpour","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2823383","article-title":"Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene coding for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor","volume":"238","author":"Kobilka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.06.036","article-title":"Alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes\u2013unexpected functions for receptors and ligands derived from gene-targeted mouse models","volume":"51","author":"Knaus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem Int."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00484.x","article-title":"Presynaptic autoreceptors in the third decade: focus on alpha2-adrenoceptors","volume":"78","author":"Starke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-003-0829-x","article-title":"All three alpha2-adrenoceptor types serve as autoreceptors in postganglionic sympathetic neurons","volume":"368","author":"Trendelenburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/46040","article-title":"Two functionally distinct alpha2-adrenergic receptors regulate sympathetic neurotransmission","volume":"402","author":"Hein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.09.015","article-title":"A microarray based identification of osteoporosis-related genes in primary culture of human osteoblasts","volume":"46","author":"Trost","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12505","article-title":"ADRA2A is involved in neuro-endocrine regulation of bone resorption","volume":"19","author":"Mlakar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E408","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00643.2013","article-title":"Thyroid hormone interacts with the sympathetic nervous system to modulate bone mass and structure in young adult mice","volume":"307","author":"Fonseca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0252","article-title":"Thyroid-adrenergic interactions: physiological and clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114961","article-title":"Functional relationship of thyroid hormone-induced lipogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in the rat","volume":"87","author":"Oppenheimer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-4-4-378","article-title":"The influence of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor systems and adrenergic responsiveness","volume":"4","author":"Bilezikian","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.1995.5.481","article-title":"Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance","volume":"5","author":"Silva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197602192940807","article-title":"Treatment of thyrotoxic hypercalcemia with propranolol","volume":"294","author":"Rude","year":"1976","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"989","article-title":"[Effects of propranolol and indomethacin upon urinary hydroxyproline in hyperthyroid patients (author's transl)]","volume":"11","author":"Beylot","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nouv Presse Med."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146795","article-title":"Lack of alpha2C-adrenoceptor results in contrasting phenotypes of long bones and vertebra and prevents the thyrotoxicosis-induced osteopenia","author":"Cruz Grecco Teixeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60782-4","article-title":"Thyrotoxicosis","volume":"379","author":"Franklyn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2013.12.001","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis","volume":"32","author":"Devereaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/01495739708936692","article-title":"Quantification of bone microarchitecture with the structure model index","volume":"1","author":"Hildebrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(92)90078-B","article-title":"Trabecular bone pattern factor\u2013a new parameter for simple quantification of bone microarchitecture","volume":"13","author":"Hahn","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4128","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1467","article-title":"Minireview: the neural regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis","volume":"153","author":"Costa-e-Sousa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0035","article-title":"Differential control of adrenal and sympathetic catecholamine release by alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtypes","volume":"17","author":"Brede","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.07.012","article-title":"Severe bone alterations under beta2 agonist treatments: bone mass, microarchitecture and strength analyses in female rats","volume":"37","author":"Bonnet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00815.2006","article-title":"Doping dose of salbutamol and exercise: deleterious effect on cancellous and cortical bones in adult rats","volume":"102","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9421-9","article-title":"Continuous treatment with a low-dose beta-agonist reduces bone mass by increasing bone resorption without suppressing bone formation","volume":"88","author":"Kondo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102608","article-title":"Genetic determination of the cellular basis of the sympathetic regulation of bone mass accrual","volume":"208","author":"Kajimura","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1594","article-title":"Deletion of beta-adrenergic receptor 1, 2, or both leads to different bone phenotypes and response to mechanical stimulation","volume":"27","author":"Pierroz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21761","article-title":"Functional alpha1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors in human osteoblasts","volume":"220","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17174","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.546135","article-title":"alpha1-adrenergic receptor signaling in osteoblasts regulates clock genes and bone morphogenetic protein 4 expression through up-regulation of the transcriptional factor nuclear factor IL-3 (Nfil3)\/E4 promoter-binding protein 4 (E4BP4)","volume":"289","author":"Hirai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13418","article-title":"alpha1B -Adrenoceptor signalling regulates bone formation through the up-regulation of CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein delta expression in osteoblasts","volume":"173","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.43.5.688","article-title":"Synthesis and degradation of myocardial protein during the development and regression of thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats","volume":"43","author":"Sanford","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-004-1175-1","article-title":"Myocardial ultrastructure in cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroid hormone\u2013an acute study in rats","volume":"446","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1210\/er.16.6.716","article-title":"Fat cell alpha 2-adrenoceptors: the regulation of fat cell function and lipolysis","volume":"16","author":"Lafontan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-19140","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo impairment of alpha2-adrenergic receptor-dependent antilipolysis by fatty acids in human adipose tissue","volume":"33","author":"Gesta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.04.001","article-title":"Neural innervation of white adipose tissue and the control of lipolysis","volume":"35","author":"Bartness","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01533.x","article-title":"Are the pharmacology and physiology of alpha(2) adrenoceptors determined by alpha(2)-heteroreceptors and autoreceptors respectively?","volume":"165","author":"Gilsbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00486\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T16:04:49Z","timestamp":1751817889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00486\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2018.00486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"article-number":"486"}}