{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:43:46Z","timestamp":1790066626210,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:21:29Z","timestamp":1561720889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Prevalence and Determinants of Painful and Painless Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Saavedra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ligia","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milton","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Sittl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051063","article-title":"The prevalence of clinical diabetic polyneuropathy in Spain: a study in primary care and hospital clinic groups. Neuropathy Spanish Study Group of the Spanish Diabetes Society (SDS)","volume":"41","author":"Cabezas-Cerrato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7898.1","article-title":"Updates in diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"5","author":"Juster-Switlyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.06.001","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy","volume":"42","author":"Vinik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464\u20135491.2009.02667.x","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the modified Toronto clinical neuropathy score in diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy","volume":"26","author":"Bril","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1303","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathies: update on definitions, diagnostic criteria, estimation of severity, and treatments","volume":"33","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.11.1456","article-title":"Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy. Report from Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications study","volume":"38","author":"Maser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2114","article-title":"Neuropathy and related findings in the diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications study","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2042","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American diabetes association","volume":"40","author":"Pop-Busui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400697","article-title":"A multicentre study of the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the United Kingdom hospital clinic population","volume":"36","author":"Young","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/jns5.12072","article-title":"Phenotyping animal models of diabetic neuropathy: a consensus statement of the diabetic neuropathy study group of the EASD (Neurodiab)","volume":"19","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90661-3","article-title":"Body stature as a risk factor for diabetic sensory neuropathy","volume":"80","author":"Sosenko","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3354-y","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta- analysis","volume":"30","author":"Clair","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032782","article-title":"Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy","volume":"352","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2008.11.004","article-title":"Prevalence and impact on quality of life of peripheral neuropathy with or without neuropathic pain in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients attending hospital outpatients clinics","volume":"35","author":"Van Acker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S124","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S011","article-title":"Suppl SS. 11. Microvascular Complications and Foot Care: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-\u22122019","volume":"42","author":"Care","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1749","article-title":"Older women with diabetes have a higher risk of falls: a prospective study","volume":"25","author":"Schwartz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.1.229","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of diabetic polyneuropathy using a composite score in the Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study cohort","volume":"49","author":"Dyck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0179","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic peripheralneuropathy in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: search for diabetes in youth study","volume":"40","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.08.020","article-title":"A new look at painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"144","author":"Sloan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2015.12.48","article-title":"Risk factors and comorbidities in diabetic neuropathy: an update 2015","volume":"12","author":"Papanas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4723-8","article-title":"Working people with type 1 diabetes in the Finnish population","volume":"17","author":"Hakkarainen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000492","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice","volume":"157","author":"Finnerup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000491","article-title":"The Pain in Neuropathy Study (PiNS): a cross-sectional observational study determining the somatosensory phenotype of painful and painless diabetic neuropathy","volume":"157","author":"Themistocleous","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000858","article-title":"Neurobiological basis for pain vulnerability: why me?","volume":"158","author":"Denk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14576.2","article-title":"DOLORisk: study protocol for a multi-centre observational study to understand the risk factors and determinants of neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Pascal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412041","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/412041","article-title":"Pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"2014","author":"Aslam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Res Treat"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.10.1516","article-title":"Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide","volume":"23","author":"Karvonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12118","article-title":"Cross-cultural psychometric assessment of the leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs (LANSS) pain scale in the Portuguese population","volume":"14","author":"Barbosa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12479","article-title":"Validation and reliability of the portuguese version of the michigan neuropathy screening instrument","volume":"17","author":"Barbosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.05.011","article-title":"Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Maahs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.1.224","article-title":"The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach","volume":"26","author":"Victora","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endonu.2010.05.006","article-title":"Prevalence of distal diabetic polyneuropathy using quantitative sensory methods in a population with diabetes of more than 10 years' disease duration","volume":"57","author":"Miralles-Garc\u00eda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol Y Nutr \u00d3rgano La Soc Espa\u00f1ola Endocrinol Y Nutr"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.1.4.252","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973","volume":"1","author":"Pirart","year":"1978","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1108","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large community-based diabetic population in the U.K.","volume":"34","author":"Abbott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1177\/147323001103900204","article-title":"Prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in the Middle East region","volume":"39","author":"Jambart","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001034","article-title":"Sensory phenotype and risk factors for painful diabetic neuropathy","volume":"158","author":"Raputova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.11.1281","article-title":"A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"17","author":"Feldman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53480\u20134.00001-1","article-title":"Epidemiology of polyneuropathy in diabetes and prediabetes","volume":"126","author":"Ziegler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.7439\/ijbr.v8i5.4142","article-title":"An assessment of the patterns and severity of diabetic neuropathy using the modified - Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score in recently detected diabetics","volume":"8","author":"Lobo","year":"2017"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0363-6","article-title":"Review of neuropathic pain screening and assessment tools","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.003","article-title":"A comparison of the DN4 and LANSS questionnaires in the assessment of neuropathic pain: validity and reliability of the turkish version of DN4","volume":"11","author":"Unal-Cevik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074195","article-title":"Chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in diabetic patients: a French cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Bouhassira","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.041","article-title":"Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values","volume":"123","author":"Rolke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.05.047","article-title":"Value of quantitative sensory testing in neurological and pain disorders: NeuPSIG consensus","volume":"154","author":"Backonja","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02969.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment: revised 2009","volume":"17","author":"Cruccu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0253","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy: a novel noninvasive test to diagnose and stratify the severity of human diabetic neuropathy","volume":"33","author":"Tavakoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15919","article-title":"The inferior whorl for detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy using corneal confocal microscopy","volume":"56","author":"Petropoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0123517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123517","article-title":"Corneal confocal microscopy detects neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes without retinopathy or microalbuminuria","volume":"10","author":"Petropoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00402\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:21:31Z","timestamp":1561720891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00402\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2019.00402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00402","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"article-number":"402"}}