{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:43:04Z","timestamp":1791240184056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 HD48838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 HD48838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]],"date-time":"2019-09-04T12:47:19Z","timestamp":1567601239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Insulin-Like Peptide 3 (INSL3) Serum Concentration During Human Male Fetal Life"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol Corbin","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary R.","family":"Mucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando J.","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwen M.","family":"Grimsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Schlomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika E.","family":"B\u00fcllesbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00770.x","article-title":"The frequency of undescended testis from birth to adulthood: a review","volume":"31","author":"Sijstermans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Androl."},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Abnormalities of the Testis and Scrotum and Their Surgical Management, 10th Edn.","author":"Barthold","year":"2011"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-005-1126-4","article-title":"Abnormalities of testicular descent","volume":"322","author":"Hutson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.5.0272","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the Insl3 gene causes bilateral cryptorchidism","volume":"13","author":"Zimmermann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.085175","article-title":"Insulin-like 3 exposure of the fetal rat gubernaculum modulates expression of genes involved in neural pathways","volume":"83","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0330","article-title":"Suppression of insulin-like3 receptor reveals the role of \u03b2-catenin and Notch signaling in gubernaculum development","volume":"25","author":"Kaftanovskaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.119560","article-title":"Cryptorchidism in the orl rat is associated with muscle patterning defects in the fetal gubernaculum and altered hormonal signaling","volume":"91","author":"Barthold","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.12.081","article-title":"Fetal rat gubernaculum mesenchymal cells adopt myogenic and myofibroblast-like phenotypes","volume":"196","author":"Robbins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Urol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev180","article-title":"Pathway analysis supports association of nonsyndromic cryptorchidism with genetic loci linked to cytoskeleton-dependent functions","volume":"30","author":"Barthold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.112953","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the dihydrotestosterone-exposed fetal rat gubernaculum identifies common androgen and insulin-like 3 targets","volume":"89","author":"Barthold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.003970","article-title":"Altered expression of muscle- and cytoskeleton-related genes in a rat strain with inherited cryptorchidism","volume":"29","author":"Barthold","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Androl."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/10364","article-title":"Cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Insl3","volume":"22","author":"Nef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.19.2309","article-title":"Mutations of the GREAT gene cause cryptorchidism","volume":"11","author":"Gorlov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1690","article-title":"Developmental changes in human fetal testicular cell numbers and messenger ribonucleic acid levels during the second trimester","volume":"92","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu124","article-title":"Expression patterns of DLK1 and INSL3 identify stages of Leydig cell differentiation during normal development and in testicular pathologies, including testicular cancer and Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Lottrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4048","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0358","article-title":"Insulin-like factor 3 levels in second-trimester amniotic fluid","volume":"93","author":"Bay","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den038","article-title":"Insulin-like factor 3 levels in amniotic fluid of human male fetuses","volume":"23","author":"Anand-Ivell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00406","article-title":"Amniotic fluid INSL3 measured during the critical time window in human pregnancy relates to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and phthalate load: a large case-control study","volume":"9","author":"Anand-Ivell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3426","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0821","article-title":"Changes in serum insulin-like factor 3 during normal male puberty","volume":"91","author":"Ferlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0435","article-title":"Serum levels of insulin-like factor 3, anti-Mullerian hormone, inhibin B, and testosterone during pubertal transition in healthy boys: a longitudinal pilot study","volume":"147","author":"Johansen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0669","article-title":"Serum insulin-like factor 3 levels during puberty in healthy boys and boys with Klinefelter syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Wikstr\u00f6m","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2257","article-title":"Insulin-like factor 3 serum levels in 135 normal men and 85 men with testicular disorders: relationship to the luteinizing hormone-testosterone axis","volume":"90","author":"Bay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.3.1215","article-title":"A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.18926\/AMO\/32309","article-title":"Forensic study of sex determination using PCR on teeth samples","volume":"54","author":"Murakami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Med Okayama."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:10:2:167","article-title":"The relaxin-like factor is a hormone","volume":"10","author":"B\u00fcllesbach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-9-3","article-title":"Preamplification techniques for real-time RT-PCR analyses of endomyocardial biopsies","volume":"9","author":"Noutsias","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Mol Biol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12500","article-title":"Cord blood insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) but not testosterone is reduced in idiopathic cryptorchidism","volume":"82","author":"Fenichel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu340","article-title":"A negative correlation between insulin-like peptide 3 and bisphenol A in human cord blood suggests an effect of endocrine disruptors on testicular descent during fetal development","volume":"30","author":"Chevalier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120636","article-title":"Effects of prenatal Leydig cell function on the ratio of the second to fourth digit lengths in school-aged children","volume":"10","author":"Mitsui","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109039","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109039","article-title":"Association between maternal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and reproductive hormone levels in fetal blood: the Hokkaido study on environment and children's health","volume":"9","author":"Araki","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0974","article-title":"Insulin-like factor 3 levels in cord blood and serum from children: effects of age, postnatal hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activation, and cryptorchidism","volume":"92","author":"Bay","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2006.00714.x","article-title":"Peripheral INSL3 concentrations decline with age in a large population of Australian men","volume":"29","author":"Anand-Ivell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Androl."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0486","article-title":"INSL3 as a monitor of endocrine disruption","author":"Anand-Ivell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283453fe6","article-title":"Biological role and clinical significance of insulin-like peptide 3","volume":"18","author":"Ivell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0518","article-title":"The role of RXFP2 in mediating androgen-induced inguinoscrotal testis descent in LH receptor knockout mice","volume":"139","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211290","article-title":"Amniotic fluid: not just fetal urine anymore","volume":"25","author":"Underwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Perinatol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2010.01074.x","article-title":"Human testicular insulin-like factor 3: in relation to development, reproductive hormones and andrological disorders","volume":"34","author":"Bay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Androl."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5952","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0575","article-title":"A novel circulating hormone of testis origin in humans","volume":"89","author":"Foresta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.108969","article-title":"INSL3 as a biomarker of Leydig cell functionality","volume":"88","author":"Ivell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000198","article-title":"Amniotic fluid phthalate levels and male fetal gonad function","volume":"26","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiology."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1757","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2531","article-title":"Paracetamol, aspirin, and indomethacin induce endocrine disturbances in the human fetal testis capable of interfering with testicular descent","volume":"98","author":"Mazaud-Guittot","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1995.tb01724.x","article-title":"Leydig cell function after experimental testicular torsion despite loss of spermatogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Baker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Androl."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-115-5-1925","article-title":"On the androgen microenvironment of maturing spermatozoa","volume":"115","author":"Turner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"126","article-title":"Sur les effets de la castration precoce de l'embryon male de lapin","volume":"141","author":"Jost","year":"1947","journal-title":"C R Seances Soc Biol Fil."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.131.3.1324152","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride and the antiandrogen flutamide on prostate and genital differentiation: dose-response studies","volume":"131","author":"Imperato-McGinley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-2-741","article-title":"Effects of flutamide and finasteride on rat testicular descent","volume":"129","author":"Spencer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv224","article-title":"Establishing the biological relevance of dipentyl phthalate reductions in fetal rat testosterone production and plasma and testis testosterone levels","volume":"149","author":"Gray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0171","article-title":"Development and validation of a mass spectrometry-based assay for quantification of insulin-like factor 3 in human serum","volume":"56","author":"Albrethsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.046","article-title":"Sex-related differences in the associations between maternal dioxin-like compounds and reproductive and steroid hormones in cord blood: the Hokkaido study","volume":"117","author":"Miyashita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13689","article-title":"Relaxin-like peptides in male reproduction - a human perspective","volume":"174","author":"Ivell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00596\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T23:20:48Z","timestamp":1721690448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/article\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00596\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2019.00596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00596","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,4]]},"article-number":"596"}}