{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:24:26Z","timestamp":1791872666637,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.572128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T06:40:53Z","timestamp":1603867253000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Thyroid Function and the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Morbid Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Borges-Canha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o S\u00e9rgio","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Meira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalena","family":"Von-Hafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2017.00009","article-title":"Current Modalities of Fibrosis Assessment in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"5","author":"Cheah","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i28.9330","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations","volume":"20","author":"Milic","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.08.012","article-title":"Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112841","article-title":"NAFLD in Some Common Endocrine Diseases: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Principles of Diagnosis and Management","volume":"20","author":"Lonardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.10","article-title":"Direct effects of thyroid hormones on hepatic lipid metabolism","volume":"14","author":"Sinha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S002","article-title":"2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019","volume":"42","author":"American Diabetes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","article-title":"ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in A. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-6-33","article-title":"The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population","volume":"6","author":"Bedogni","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.11.002","article-title":"Higher free triiodothyronine is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in euthyroid subjects: the Lifelines Cohort Study","volume":"67","author":"van den Berg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab: Clin Exp"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0012.3136","article-title":"Thyroid Function and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Subjects","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1300","article-title":"Thyroid Function and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Rotterdam Study","volume":"101","author":"Bano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a cluster of Iranian population: thyroid status and metabolic risk factors","volume":"16","author":"Eshraghian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032011000300006","article-title":"Gluco-lipidic indices in treated hypothyroidism associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"48","author":"Mazo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arquivos Gastroenterol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000454920","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Not Associated with Thyroid Hormone Levels and Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Jaruvongvanich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-004-0054-3","article-title":"Hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia: modern concepts and approaches","volume":"6","author":"Pearce","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm4074","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of hepatic lipogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":". Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1302","article-title":"Repair-related activation of hedgehog signaling in stromal cells promotes intrahepatic hypothyroidism","volume":"155","author":"Bohinc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0664","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hypercholesterolemia: Roles of Thyroid Hormones, Metabolites, and Agonists","volume":"29","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123111","article-title":"Fattyacyl-CoAs are potent inhibitors of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor in vitro","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2014.08.001","article-title":"Role of metabolic lipases and lipolytic metabolites in the pathogenesis of NAFLD","volume":"25","author":"Fuchs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702759104","article-title":"Targeting thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists to the liver reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and improves the therapeutic index","volume":"104","author":"Erion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22572","article-title":"Reduction of hepatic steatosis in rats and mice after treatment with a liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor agonist","volume":"49","author":"Cable","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.03.023","article-title":"3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine, by modulating mitochondrial functions, reverses hepatic fat accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"51","author":"Mollica","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32517-6","article-title":"Resmetirom (MGL-3196) for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"394","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond Engl)"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00475","article-title":"Low-Dose Levothyroxine Reduces Intrahepatic Lipid Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and NAFLD","volume":"103","author":"Bruinstroop","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000351249","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Iwen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3505","article-title":"Paradoxical Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Thyroid Hormone Levels: A Study Using Mendelian Randomization","volume":"101","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-121421","article-title":"Thyroid Function in Human Obesity: Underlying Mechanisms","volume":"48","author":"Fontenelle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.140","article-title":"Expression of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone receptors in adipose tissue of patients with morbid obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes: effects of weight loss","volume":"33","author":"Nannipieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-015-0395-2","article-title":"Obesity is associated with a decrease in expression but not with the hypermethylation of thermogenesis-related genes in adipose tissues","volume":"13","author":"Kurylowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"B34","article-title":"Modulation of type I iodothyronine 5\u2032;-deiodinase activity in white adipose tissue by nutrition: possible involvement of leptin","volume":"59","author":"Macek Jilkova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.101","article-title":"Type I iodothyronine 5\u2019-deiodinase mRNA and activity is increased in adipose tissue of obese subjects","volume":"36","author":"Ortega","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7021352","article-title":"Low-normal thyroid function and novel cardiometabolic biomarkers","volume":"7","author":"van Tienhoven-Wind","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0156","article-title":"Low-normal free thyroxine confers decreased serum bilirubin in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"23","author":"Deetman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thyroid"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.572128\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T06:40:57Z","timestamp":1603867257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.572128\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2020.572128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2020.572128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"article-number":"572128"}}