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However, detailed mechanism has not been fully explained. In this study, we found that ESWT promoted osteoblast formation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Local ESW treatment of femur increased bone formation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, changing the density or frequency of energy, there was no statistical difference in osteogenic differentiation. Therapeutically, local ESW therapy relieved bone loss and increased the number of bone trabecular in a rabbit osteoporosis model and promoted endogenous levels of SMAD2 protein expression. Thus, ESWT may be a potential therapy by promoting osteoblast maturation through TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD2 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.627718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T06:11:22Z","timestamp":1616652682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in a Rabbit Osteoporosis 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