{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T09:29:04Z","timestamp":1784366944459,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Papillary thyroid micro-carcinoma (PTMC) is defined as a tumor with a larger diameter \u22641 cm which has an indolent course and satisfying prognosis. However, the incidence of lymph node metastasis of PTMC cannot be ignored. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of lymph node metastasis in PTMC patients, as well as to evaluate the risk factors for both central lymph node metastases (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastases (LLNM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who underwent thyroidectomy from January 2017 to October 2020, and pathologically diagnosed with PTMC were enrolled in our study and their medical records were collected and analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 484 PTMC patients were included. The incidence of central and lateral lymph node metastasis was 49.6% and 9.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated as independent risk factors for CLNM male sex, age &amp;lt;40 years, largest tumor size \u22655 mm and bilaterality. Extrathyroidal extension, presence of CLNM, number of CLNM \u22655 were strong indicators for LLNM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of lymph node metastases in PTMC is non-negligible. The identification of potential risk factors for CLNM and LLNM would help tailor individual surgical interventions for patients with PTMC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.640565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T06:45:26Z","timestamp":1614926726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Risk Factors for Central and Lateral Lymph Node Metastases in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Micro-Carcinoma: Retrospective Analysis on 484 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yijie","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2020","volume":"70","author":"Siegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20122895","article-title":"Cell and Molecular Biology of Thyroid Disorders","volume":"20","author":"Grimm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0297","article-title":"Treatment approach, surveillance, and outcome of well-differentiated thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence","volume":"24","author":"Markovina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2007.0001","article-title":"Clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","article-title":"American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00511","article-title":"Predictive Factors of Central-Compartment Lymph Node Metastasis for Clinical N0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Strap Muscle Invasion","volume":"11","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.01.003","article-title":"Subclinical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a study of 551 resections","volume":"148","author":"So","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.09.017","article-title":"Total thyroidectomy alone versus ipsilateral versus bilateral prophylactic central neck dissection in clinically node-negative differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 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