{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T22:14:27Z","timestamp":1790460867720,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive endocrine disorder. And metabolic syndrome (MS) is an important bridge for PCOS patients to develop other diseases, such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. Our aim was to study the potential metabolic characteristics of PCOS-MS and identify sensitive biomarkers so as to provide targets for clinical screening, diagnosis, and treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 44 PCOS patients with MS, 34 PCOS patients without MS, and 32 healthy controls were studied. Plasma samples of subjects were tested by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system combined with LTQ-orbi-trap mass spectrometry. The changes of metabolic characteristics from PCOS to PCOS-MS were systematically analyzed. Correlations between differential metabolites and clinical characteristics of PCOS-MS were assessed. Differential metabolites with high correlation were further evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify their sensitivity as screening indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant differences in general characteristics, reproductive hormone, and metabolic parameters in the PCOS-MS group when compared with the PCOS group and healthy controls. We found 40 differential metabolites which were involved in 23 pathways when compared with the PCOS group. The metabolic network further reflected the metabolic environment, including the interaction between metabolic pathways, modules, enzymes, reactions, and metabolites. In the correlation analysis, there were 11 differential metabolites whose correlation coefficient with clinical parameters was greater than 0.4, which were expected to be taken as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Besides, these 11 differential metabolites were assessed by ROC, and the areas under curve (AUCs) were all greater than 0.7, with a good sensitivity. Furthermore, combinational metabolic biomarkers, such as glutamic acid + leucine + phenylalanine and carnitine C 4: 0 + carnitine C18:1 + carnitine C5:0 were expected to be sensitive combinational biomarkers in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study provides a new insight to understand the pathogenesis mechanism, and the discriminating metabolites may help screen high-risk of MS in patients with PCOS and provide sensitive biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.659268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T12:38:28Z","timestamp":1622637508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["How to Screen and Prevent Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of PCOS Early: Implications From Metabolomics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuepeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianna","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-41","article-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Complex Condition With Psychological, Reproductive and Metabolic Manifestations That Impacts on Health Across the Lifespan","volume":"8","author":"Teede","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.04.046","article-title":"Multi-System Reproductive Metabolic Disorder: Significance for the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"228","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2010.01516.x","article-title":"Prevalence and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescent Indian Girls With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using the 2009 \u2018Joint Interim Criteria\u2019","volume":"37","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2018.10","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome and its Components Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hallajzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Thorac Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.07.006","article-title":"Amino Acid Profile and Metabolic Syndrome in a Male Mediterranean Population: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"27","author":"Ntzouvani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.12.186","article-title":"Systems Pharmacology Meets Predictive, Preventive, Personalized and Participatory Medicine","volume":"14","author":"Jenkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500443c","article-title":"Metabonomics of Human Colorectal Cancer: New Approaches for Early Diagnosis and Biomarker Discovery","volume":"13","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","article-title":"Revised 2003 Consensus on Diagnostic Criteria and Long-Term Health Risks Related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome-a New World-Wide Definition. 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