{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:01:09Z","timestamp":1791838869483,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antiproliferative activity of somatostatin analogs (SSAs) has been demonstrated in digestive neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but few data have been published in patients with pulmonary NETs. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to provide additional data on the outcome of patients with metastatic lung NETs submitted to front line SSAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with metastatic lung NET treated with first line SSA-monotherapy (octreotide or lanreotide) in two different reference Institutions were reviewed. Outcome measures were progression-free survival (PFS) overall survival (OS), overall response rate and safety. We also explored prognostic factors associated with PFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome of consecutive patients (pts) with metastatic lung NETs, who underwent first-line treatment with SSAs, recruited from 2014 on 2019 in two Italian reference Institutions, was retrospectively evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-one patients entered the study: 14 (45.2%) with typical and 17 (54.8%) atypical carcinoid. Six patients (19.4%) had a carcinoid syndrome. 60.0% of patients had Ki-67 \u2264 10%. Two (6.5%) patients obtained a partial response, 24 (77.4%) disease stabilization while 5 (16.1%) had progressive disease. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 28.6 months, median overall survival (OS) was not attained. Ki-67 \u2264 10%, typical carcinoid histotype and non-functioning disease, were associated with a non-significant PFS prolongation. PFS in patients with atypical carcinoids and in those with Ki-67 &amp;gt;10% was greater than 19 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long PFS and OS obtained in this case series suggest that SSAs could be effective as first line approach in the management of patients with progressive, metastatic pulmonary NET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.669484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T10:45:40Z","timestamp":1619520340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Outcome of Patients With Metastatic Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors Submitted to First Line Monotherapy With Somatostatin Analogs"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lenotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Amoroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Maisonneuve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Grisanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Baggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Fazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Berruti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.12.022","article-title":"Incidence and Survival of Neuroendocrine Tumours in the Netherlands According to Histological Grade: Experience of Two Decades of Cancer Registry","volume":"49","author":"Korse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.01.003","article-title":"Lung and Thymic Carcinoids: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up","volume":"32","author":"Baudin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(00)00493-0","article-title":"Long-Term Outcome After Resection for Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors","volume":"18","author":"Ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31829f097a","article-title":"Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Bronchial Carcinoids: A Single-Center Experience","volume":"8","author":"Filosso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.4.1143","article-title":"Typical and Atypical Pulmonary Carcinoids : Outcome in Patients Presenting With Regional Lymph Node Involvement","volume":"119","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.05.047","article-title":"Recurrence of Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors After Resection: Implications for Postoperative Surveillance","volume":"96","author":"Lou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"60","article-title":"Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors: Long-Term Outcome After Surgery","volume":"50","author":"Fiala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu495","article-title":"Prognostic Model of Survival for Typical Bronchial Carcinoid Tumours: Analysis of 1109 Patients on Behalf of the European Association of Thoracic Surgeons (Ests) Neuroendocrine Tumours Working Group","volume":"48","author":"Filosso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0110-y","article-title":"A Common Classification Framework for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: An International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and WorldHealth Organization (WHO) Expert Consensus Proposal","volume":"31","author":"Rindi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Modern Pathol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5002(02)00080-6","article-title":"Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: Incidence and Prognosis of Histological Subtypes","volume":"37","author":"Skuladottir","year":"2002","journal-title":"A Population Based Study Denmark Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.10.089","article-title":"Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors: Nodal Status and Long-Term Survival After Resection","volume":"77","author":"Cardillo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"211","article-title":"Bronchopulmonary Carcinoids: An Analysis of 1,875 Reported Cases With Special Reference to a Comparison Between Typical Carcinoids and Atypical Varieties","volume":"5","author":"Soga","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv041","article-title":"; ENETS Consensus Conference Participants. Pulmonary Neuroendocrine (Carcinoid) Tumors: European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Best Practice for Typical and Atypical Pulmonary Carcinoids","volume":"26","author":"Caplin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"Neuroendocrine and Adrenal Tumors2020"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(92)91139-Z","article-title":"Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis of 126 Patients","volume":"54","author":"Harpole","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2000.19294","article-title":"Pulmonary Atypical Carcinoid: Predictors of Survival in 106 Cases","volume":"31","author":"Beasley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)03796-3","article-title":"Outcomes and Patterns of Failure in Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors","volume":"55","author":"Kaplan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.1.9646811","article-title":"Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors: Importance of Prognostic Factors That Influence Patterns of Recurrence and Overall Survival","volume":"208","author":"Gould","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.6.1647","article-title":"Pulmonary Carcinoid: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Outcome in 142 Cases in Israel and Review of 640 Cases From the Literature","volume":"119","author":"Fink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.TPS8580","article-title":"Safety and Efficacy of Lanreotide Depot\/Autogel (LAN) in Patients With Lung NETs: The Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo (PBO)-Controlled Phase III SPINET Study","volume":"34","author":"Reidy","year":"","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.11.034","article-title":"Antitumour Activity of Somatostatin Analogues in Sporadic, Progressive, Metastatic Pulmonary Carcinoids","volume":"75","author":"Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2016.11.004","article-title":"Autcome Analysis of First-Line Somatostatin Analog Treatment in Metastatic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors and Prognostic Significance of FDG-PET\/TC","volume":"10","author":"Bongiovanni","year":"","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000127382","article-title":"Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumours: Indolent But Not Benign","volume":"73","author":"De Dosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000179899","article-title":"Expression of Somatostatin and Dopamin2 Receptors in Neuroendocrine Tumors and the Potential Role for New Biotherapies","volume":"89","author":"Srirajaskanthan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.349","article-title":"Predictive Factors of Antiproliferative Activity of Octreotide LAR as First Line Therapy for Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"115","author":"Laskaratos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000445","article-title":"Comparison of Survival With Somatostatin Analog and Chemotherapy and Prognostic Factors for Treatment in 165 Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors Patients With Ki-67 20% or Less","volume":"28","author":"Ozaslan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0520","article-title":"Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Advantage Lung Neuroendocrine Tumors in Real World Settings: A Multicentre Retrospective Chart Review Study","volume":"24","author":"Dasari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.7598","article-title":"Advanced Pulmonary Carcinoid (APC): 20-Year Experience At Johns Hopkins (Jh)","volume":"31","author":"Forde","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","article-title":"Placebo-Controlled, Doubleblind, Prospective, Randomized Study on the Effect of Octreotide LAR in the Control of Tumor Growth in Patients With Metastatic Neuroendocrine Midgut Tumors: A Report From the PROMID Study Group","volume":"27","author":"Rinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in Metastatic Enteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.669484\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T10:46:24Z","timestamp":1619520384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.669484\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2021.669484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.669484","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"article-number":"669484"}}