{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:06:21Z","timestamp":1791947181700,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001648","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["70995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0107\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0107\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0164\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0164\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011272","name":"FP7 Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313011V344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313011V344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P19969-B11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P19969-B11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Afamin is a liver-produced glycoprotein, a potential early marker of metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated regulation of afamin in a course of the metabolic disease development and in response to 3-month exercise intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured whole-body insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), glucose tolerance, abdominal adiposity, hepatic lipid content (magnetic resonance imaging\/spectroscopy), habitual physical activity (accelerometers) and serum afamin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 71 middle-aged men with obesity, prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Effects of 3-month exercise were investigated in 22 overweight-to-obese middle-aged individuals (16M\/6F).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, were associated with increased serum afamin (p&amp;lt;0.001). Afamin correlated positively with hepatic lipids, fatty liver index and liver damage markers; with parameters of adiposity (waist circumference, %body fat, adipocyte diameter) and insulin resistance (fasting insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR; p&amp;lt;0.001 all). Moreover, afamin negatively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value\/Insulin, p&amp;lt;0.001). Hepatic lipids and fasting insulinemia were the most important predictors of serum afamin, explaining &amp;gt;63% of its variability. Exercise-related changes in afamin were paralleled by reciprocal changes in insulinemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. No significant change in hepatic lipid content was observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had the highest serum afamin levels. Afamin was more tightly related to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver damage and insulin resistance than to obesity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.670425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T05:20:06Z","timestamp":1631769606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Serum Afamin a Novel Marker of Increased Hepatic Lipid Content"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Timea","family":"Kurdiova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Balaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Kovanicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Zemkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kuzma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitazoslav","family":"Belan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Payer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gasperikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Dieplinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ukropcova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Ukropec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32429-8","article-title":"Afamin Is a New Member of the Albumin, Alpha-Fetoprotein, and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Family","volume":"269","author":"Lichenstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37482-3","article-title":"New Albumin Gene 3\u2019 Adjacent to the A1-Fetoprotein Locus","volume":"269","author":"B\u00e9langer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0500105","article-title":"Afamin is a Novel Human Vitamin E-Binding Glycoprotein Characterization and In Vitro Expression","volume":"4","author":"Jerkovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi026513v","article-title":"Characterization of the Vitamin E-Binding Properties of Human Plasma Afamin","volume":"41","author":"Voegele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6139-5_32","article-title":"Vitamin E Binding Protein Afamin Protects Neuronal Cells In Vitro","author":"Heiser","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neural Transm Suppl"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05796.x","article-title":"Afamin is Synthesized by Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells and Mediates Alpha-Tocopherol Transport Across an In Vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier","volume":"108","author":"Kratzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.06.015","article-title":"Afamin Secreted From Nonresorbing Osteoclasts Acts as a Chemokine for Preosteoblasts via the Akt-Signaling Pathway","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.113.000654","article-title":"Plasma Concentrations of Afamin are Associated With the Prevalence and Development of Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0201","article-title":"Plasma Concentrations of Afamin Are Associated With Prevalent and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis in More Than 20,000 Individuals","volume":"40","author":"Kollerits","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0338-x","article-title":"Is Afamin a Novel Biomarker for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus? 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