{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:51:17Z","timestamp":1793213477603,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of glycemic control on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is well known. Recent evidence has suggested that Vitamin D (VD) may have a nephroprotective effect in diabetes, but the relationship between VD, glycemic control, and albuminuria has yet to be clarified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], HbA1c, and albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus (DM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study with 1576 individuals with DM who had 25(OH)D, HbA1c, and albuminuria levels measured. Patients with abnormal creatinine levels were excluded, in order to avoid interference on VD levels by impaired kidney function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with HbA1c \u22657% had lower 25(OH)D when compared to patients with HbA1c &amp;lt;7% (29.7 \u00b1 10.2 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 28.1 \u00b1 9.9 ng\/ml, p = 0.003) and 25(OH)D levels seems to predict 1.5% of HbA1c behavior. The 25(OH)D concentrations in patients with normoalbuminuria were higher than the levels observed in those with micro or macroalbuminuria (29.8 \u00b1 9.0 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 26.8 \u00b1 8.6 and 25.1 \u00b1 7.6, respectively, p = 0.001), patients who had 25(OH)D &amp;lt;20 ng\/ml and 25(OH)D &amp;lt;30 ng\/ml were at a higher risk of presenting albuminuria [OR = 2.8 (95% CI = 1.6 \u2013 4.9), p&amp;lt;0.001, and OR = 2.1 (95% CI = 1.3 - 4.6), p&amp;lt;0.001, respectively]. In our regression model, albuminuria was influenced by HbA1c (r\u00b2 = 0.076, p&amp;lt;0.00001) and 25(OH)D (r\u00b2 = 0.018, p = 0.002) independently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study found an association between vitamin D levels, HbA1c and DKD. Additionally, our data suggest that the association between urinary albumin excretion and vitamin D levels is independent of glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Even though our patients presented normal creatinine levels, it is necessary further prospective studies to confirm if this association precedes or not the loss of renal function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.723502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T22:20:14Z","timestamp":1633731614000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Association Between 25(OH)Vitamin D, HbA1c and Albuminuria in Diabetes Mellitus: Data From a Population-Based Study (VIDAMAZON)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Soares","family":"Fel\u00edcio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana Andrade","family":"de Rider Britto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Celeira","family":"Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabr\u00edcio","family":"de Souza Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela Nascimento","family":"de Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorena Vilhena","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vit\u00f3ria Teixeira","family":"de Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"de Souza Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e9rcia Neves Marques","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Fel\u00edcio","family":"Abrah\u00e3o Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica Leite","family":"de Alc\u00e2ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanderson Maia","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto Jorge Kzan","family":"de Souza Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Paulo","family":"Freire Piani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00cdcaro Jos\u00e9 Ara\u00fajo","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian de Souza D\u2019Albuquerque","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Clara Neres Iunes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivin Mazen","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Nascimento de Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciane Trindade Cunha","family":"de Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Lopes","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Contente Braga de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"de S\u00e1 Oliveira dos Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Su\u00eanya Galv\u00e3o","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel Jane Campos","family":"Lobato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karem Mil\u00e9o","family":"Fel\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405","article-title":"Association of Glycaemia With Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective Observational Study","volume":"321","author":"Stratton","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2112","article-title":"For the DCCT\/EDIC Research Group. 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