{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:03:06Z","timestamp":1791291786879,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), commonly have profound skeletal muscle insulin resistance which can worsen other clinical features. The heterogeneity of the condition has made it challenging to identify the precise mechanisms that cause this insulin resistance. A possible explanation for the underlying insulin resistance may be the dysregulation of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF\u03b2) signalling. TGF\u03b2 signalling contributes to the remodelling of reproductive and hepatic tissues in women with PCOS. Given the systemic nature of TGF\u03b2 signalling and its role in skeletal muscle homeostasis, it may be possible that these adverse effects extend to other peripheral tissues. We aimed to determine if TGF\u03b21 could negatively regulate glucose uptake and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of women with PCOS. We show that both myotubes from women with PCOS and healthy women displayed an increase in glucose uptake, independent of changes in insulin signalling, following short term (16 hr) TGF\u03b21 treatment. This increase occurred despite pro-fibrotic signalling increasing <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> SMAD3 and connective tissue growth factor in both groups following treatment with TGF\u03b21. Collectively, our findings show that short-term treatment with TGF\u03b21 does not appear to influence insulin signalling or promote insulin resistance in myotubes. These findings suggest that aberrant TGF\u03b2 signalling is unlikely to directly contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance in women with PCOS in the short term but does not rule out indirect or longer-term effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.732338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T17:16:45Z","timestamp":1634145405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Alters Glucose Uptake but Not Insulin Signalling in Human Primary Myotubes From Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Luke C.","family":"McIlvenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhiannon 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