{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:48:11Z","timestamp":1793364491020,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"Purpose<\/jats:title>We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to that of surgical resection (SR) in patients with T1bN0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in different age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Totally, 204 patients with an isolated, solitary, intrathyroidal T1bN0M0 PTC, who underwent either RFA (n=94) or SR (n=110) between April 2014 and December 2019, were retrospectively enrolled and were divided into two subgroups according to age (&lt;45 years, \u226745 years). Patients with pathologically aggressive or advanced lesions were excluded from the study. Tumor progression and procedural complications were the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. Tumor recurrence in situ<\/jats:italic>, newly discovered tumors, lymph node involvement, or distant metastases indicated tumor progression. Complications included pain, fever, voice change, choking, numbness in the limbs, and cardiac events. Incidence rates of all endpoint events were compared between different age subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>There were no significant differences in age, sex, and tumor size between the treatment groups. While the RFA group incurred less cost and experienced significantly shorter operative duration than the SR group, no significant differences were observed in incidences of both tumor progression and complications. Further, subgroup analysis of patients &lt;45 years versus<\/jats:italic> those \u226745 years showed no significant differences in the incidence of tumor progression and complications within or between different treatment groups. Older patients in the SR group incurred higher hospital costs than younger counterparts, but this difference was not observed in the RFA group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Our results indicated that RFA had a similar prognosis as that of SR but was associated with lower overall cost in both young (&lt;45 years) and middle-aged patients (\u226745 years) with T1bN0M0 PTC. Therefore, RFA may be an effective and safe alternative to surgery for the treatment of patients with T1bN0M0 PTC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.734432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T15:36:28Z","timestamp":1630942588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Versus Surgical Resection for the Treatment of T1bN0M0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Different Age Groups"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hongying","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rilige","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukun","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Thyroid Cancer","author":"Kitahara CM","year":"2018"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40618-3","volume-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Manual","author":"Amin","year":"2017"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","article-title":"2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients With Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-017-5433-0","article-title":"Robotic Thyroidectomy Versus Conventional Open Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2015.04.005","article-title":"Total Thyroidectomy Versus Lobectomy as Initial Operation for Small Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"24","author":"Macedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1583","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Oncological Outcomes and Quality of Life After Robotic Versus Conventional Open Thyroidectomy With Modified Radical Neck Dissection in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Lateral Neck Node Metastases","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2011.12.013","article-title":"Early Surgical Outcomes Comparison Between Robotic and Conventional Open Thyroid Surgery for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma","volume":"151","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-012-2333-1","article-title":"A Comparative Study of the Surgical Outcomes of Robotic and Conventional Open Modified Radical Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lateral Neck Node Metastasis","volume":"26","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1113-z","article-title":"Differences in Postoperative Outcomes, Function, and Cosmesis: Open Versus Robotic Thyroidectomy","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-020-00776-2","article-title":"Contemporary Management of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Alobuia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29123","article-title":"Should Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer be Observed? 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