{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:43:43Z","timestamp":1785163423405,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In previous studies we have demonstrated that the expression of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I gene in thyrocytes is controlled by several hormones, growth factors, and drugs. These substances mainly act on two regions of the MHC class I promoter a \u201ctissue-specific\u201d region (\u2212800 to \u2212676 bp) and a \u201chormone\/cytokines-sensitive\u201d region (\u2212500 to \u221268 bp). In a previous study, we have shown that the role of the \u201ctissue-specific\u201d region in the MHC class I gene expression is dominant compared to that of the \u201chormone\/cytokines-sensitive\u201d region. In the present report we further investigate the dominant role of the \u201ctissue-specific\u201d region evaluating the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), methimazole (MMI), phenylmethimazole (C10), glucose and thymosin-\u03b11. By performing experiments of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) we show that TSH, MMI and C10, which inhibit MHC class I expression, act on the \u201ctissue-specific\u201d region increasing the formation of a silencer complex. Glucose and thymosin-\u03b11, which stimulate MHC class I expression, act decreasing the formation of this complex. We further show that the silencer complex is formed by two distinct members of the transcription factors families activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), c-jun and p65, respectively. These observations are important in order to understand the regulation of MHC class I gene expression in thyroid cells and its involvement in the development of thyroid autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.749609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T04:56:07Z","timestamp":1638766567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hormonal Regulation of the MHC Class I Gene in Thyroid Cells: Role of the Promoter \u201cTissue-Specific\u201d 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