{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T16:14:06Z","timestamp":1785687246872,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal programming refers to an intrauterine stimulus or insult that shapes growth, development and health outcomes. Dependent on the quality and quantity, dietary fats can be beneficial or detrimental for the growth of the fetus and can alter insulin signaling by regulating the expression of key factors. The effects of varying dietary fat content on the expression profiles of factors in the neonatal female and male rat heart were investigated and analyzed in control (10% fat), 20F (20% fat), 30F (30% fat) and 40F (40% fat which was a high fat diet used to induce high fat programming) neonatal rats. The whole neonatal heart was immunostained for insulin receptor, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1), followed by image analysis. The expression of 84 genes, commonly associated with the insulin signaling pathway, were then examined in 40F female and 40F male offspring. Maintenance on diets, varying in fat content during fetal life, altered the expression of cardiac factors, with changes induced from 20% fat in female neonates, but from 30% fat in male neonates. Further, CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein alpha (<jats:italic>Cebpa<\/jats:italic>) was upregulated in 40F female neonates. There was, however, differential expression of several insulin signaling genes in 40F (high fat programmed) offspring, with some tending to significance but most differences were in fold changes (\u22651.5 fold). The increased immunoreactivity for insulin receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 in 20F female and 30F male neonatal rats may reflect a compensatory response to programming to maintain cardiac physiology.<jats:italic>Cebpa<\/jats:italic>was upregulated in female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes viz.<jats:italic>Aebp1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Cfd<\/jats:italic>(adipsin),<jats:italic>Adra1d<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Prkcg<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Igfbp<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Retn<\/jats:italic>(resistin) and<jats:italic>Ucp1<\/jats:italic>. In female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, increased<jats:italic>Cebpa<\/jats:italic>gene expression (concomitant with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes) may reflect cardiac stress and an adaptative response to cardiac inflammation, stress and\/or injury, after high fat programming. Diet and the sex are determinants of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, reflecting divergent mechanisms that are sex-specific.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.772095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T05:50:15Z","timestamp":1641361815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Programming With Varying Dietary Fat Content Alters Cardiac Insulin Receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 Immunoreactivity in Neonatal Rats, Whereas High Fat Programming Alters Cebpa Gene Expression in Neonatal Female Rats"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Annelene","family":"Govindsamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Ghoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon E.","family":"Cerf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000135998.08025.FB","article-title":"Developmental Origins of Disease Paradigm: A Mechanistic and Evolutionary Perspective","volume":"56","author":"Gluckman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11132","article-title":"Dysfunctional Adiposity and the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Obese Adults","volume":"308","author":"Neeland","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.15.1857","article-title":"Glucose Metabolism and Coronary Heart Disease in Patients With Normal Glucose Tolerance","volume":"291","author":"Sasso","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-012-0323-2","article-title":"The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System and Insulin Resistance in Humans","volume":"15","author":"Underwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0364-y","article-title":"Association of Glucose Homeostasis Measures With Heart Rate Variability Among Hispanic\/Latino Adults Without Diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL)","volume":"15","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(99)00504-3","article-title":"Relationship of Dietary Fat to Glucose Metabolism","volume":"150","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2488","article-title":"The Influence of Different Fats and Fatty Acids on Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Inflammation","volume":"132","author":"Bray","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01911.x","article-title":"The Use of Animal Models in Diabetes Research","volume":"166","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2127","article-title":"Maternal Obesity and its Short-and Long-Term Maternal and Infantile Effects","volume":"8","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/485082","article-title":"Early Life Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"2013","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1508","article-title":"The Programming of Cardiac Hypertrophy in the Offspring by Maternal Obesity Is Associated With Hyperinsulinemia and AKT, ERK, and mTOR Activation","volume":"153","author":"Fernandez-Twinn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12055","article-title":"The Risk of Maternal Obesity to the Long-Term Health of the Offspring","volume":"78","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/627270","article-title":"High-Fat Programming of Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, Insulin Resistance, Hyperleptinemia, and Altered Islet Architecture in 3-Month-Old Wistar Rats","volume":"2012","author":"Cerf","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Endocrinol"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1600131","article-title":"Maternal High-Fat Diet Inversely Affects Insulin Sensitivity in Dams and Young Adult Male Rat Offspring","volume":"17","author":"Karbaschi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2010.05.006","article-title":"Disturbances in Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Pregnancy - Are These the Cause of the Problem","volume":"24","author":"Herrera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00795.2015","article-title":"Maternal High-Fat Diet Impairs Cardiac Function in Offspring of Diabetic Pregnancy Through Metabolic Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction","volume":"310","author":"Mdaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Hear Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.12.3530","article-title":"Unraveling the Temporal Pattern of Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Individual Organs and Cardiac Dysfunction in C57BL\/6 Mice","volume":"54","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-142315","article-title":"Overnutrition and Maternal Obesity in Sheep Pregnancy Alter the JNK-IRS-1 Signaling Cascades and Cardiac Function in the Fetal Heart","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2006.05.022","article-title":"Evaluation of the Role of Protein Kinase C\u03b6 in Insulin-Induced Heart 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase Activation","volume":"19","author":"Mouton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65A","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00459-1","article-title":"Regulation of Glucose Transport, and Glucose Transporters Expression and Trafficking in the Heart: Studies in Cardiac Myocytes","volume":"80","author":"Zorzano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(72)90029-1","article-title":"Myocardial Utilization of Carbohydrate and Lipids","volume":"15","author":"Neely","year":"1972","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.006","article-title":"Lipid Metabolism and Toxicity in the Heart","volume":"15","author":"Goldberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.160457","article-title":"Forgotten But Not Gone: The Rediscovery of Fatty Heart, the Most Common Unrecognized Disease in America","volume":"101","author":"Szczepaniak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P900032-JLR200","article-title":"Myocardial Lipid Accumulation in Patients With Pressure-Overloaded Heart and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Marfella","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.645614","article-title":"Cardiac Steatosis in Diabetes Mellitus: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study","volume":"116","author":"McGavock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2263com","article-title":"Intramyocardial Lipid Accumulation in the Failing Human Heart Resembles the Lipotoxic Rat Heart","volume":"18","author":"Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000248430.26229.0f","article-title":"Low Carbohydrate\/High-Fat Diet Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy, Remodeling, and Altered Gene Expression in Hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Okere","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20070392","article-title":"Western Diet, But Not High Fat Diet, Causes Derangements of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Contractile Dysfunction in the Heart of Wistar Rats","volume":"406","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.200800210","article-title":"Ligand-Induced Activation of the Insulin Receptor: A Multi-Step Process Involving Structural Changes in Both the Ligand and the Receptor","volume":"31","author":"Ward","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2011.05.001","article-title":"New Insights Into Insulin Resistance in the Diabetic Heart","volume":"22","author":"Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.03.006","article-title":"The GLUT4 Glucose Transporter","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.16.4467","article-title":"Identification of a Mammalian H+-Myo-Inositol Symporter Expressed Predominantly in the Brain","volume":"20","author":"Uldry","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687680110090456","article-title":"The Extended GLUT-Family of Sugar\/Polyol Transport Facilitators: Nomenclature, Sequence Characteristics, and Potential Function of its Novel Members","volume":"18","author":"Joost","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Membr Biol"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn2002763","article-title":"Glucose Transporters (GLUT and SGLT): Expanded Families of Sugar Transport Proteins","volume":"89","author":"Wood","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c150016","article-title":"Glucose Transporters in Cardiac Metabolism and Hypertrophy","volume":"6","author":"Shao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00452-0","article-title":"FoxOs at the Crossroads of Cellular Metabolism, Differentiation, and Transformation","volume":"117","author":"Accili","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.KR-109","article-title":"Role of FoxO Proteins in Pancreatic \u03b2 Cells","volume":"54","author":"Kitamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12022","article-title":"FoxO1 Breaks Diabetic Heart","volume":"4","author":"Nagao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164110366274","article-title":"CCAAT\/Enhancer Binding Protein \u03b1, \u03b2 and \u03b4 Gene Variants: Associations With Obesity Related Phenotypes in the Leeds Family Study","volume":"7","author":"Bennett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0888-7543(05)80276-9","article-title":"The CCAAT\/Enhancer Binding Protein (C\/Ebp\u03b1) Gene (CEBPA) Maps to Human Chromosome 19q13.1 and the Related Nuclear Factor NF-IL6 (C\/Ebp\u03b2) Gene (CEBPB) Maps to Human Chromosome 20q13.1","volume":"14","author":"Hendricks-Taylor","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/345648","article-title":"Interacting Genetic Loci on Chromosomes 20 and 10 Influence Extreme Human Obesity","volume":"72","author":"Dong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.12.2212","article-title":"Further Evidence for a Susceptibility Locus for Type 2 Diabetes on Chromosome 20q13.1-Q13.2","volume":"49","author":"Klupa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.06.023","article-title":"Pleiotropic QTL on Chromosome 19q13 for Triglycerides and Adiposity: The HERITAGE Family Study","volume":"185","author":"Feitosa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021252","article-title":"A Genome-Wide Scan in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Provides Independent Replication of a Susceptibility Locus on 18p11 and Suggests the Existence of Novel Loci on 2q12 and 19q13","volume":"88","author":"Van Tilburg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119637","article-title":"Identification of an Obesity Quantitative Trait Locus on Mouse Chromosome 2 and Evidence of Linkage to Body Fat and Insulin on the Human Homologous Region 20q","volume":"100","author":"Lembertas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.3.909","article-title":"Genome-Wide Linkage Scans for Fasting Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program: Evidence of Linkages to Chromosome 7q36 and 19q13 From Meta-Analysis","volume":"54","author":"An","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1086\/302195","article-title":"Genome Scan for Human Obesity and Linkage to Markers in 20q13","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8547976","article-title":"Cardiac Development and Transcription Factors: Insulin Signalling, Insulin Resistance, and Intrauterine Nutritional Programming of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"2018","author":"Govindsamy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq303","article-title":"Foetal Hypoxia Increases Cardiac AT2R Expression and Subsequent Vulnerability to Adult Ischaemic Injury","volume":"89","author":"Xue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00021.2015","article-title":"Mechanistic Pathways of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"97","author":"Regitz-Zagrosek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1131","article-title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Offspring Glucose-Sensitive Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Physiological Responses to Maternal High-Fat Diet Feeding","volume":"155","author":"Dearden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.203950","article-title":"Gestational High Fat Diet Programs Hepatic Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Expression and Histone Modification in Neonatal Offspring Rats","volume":"589","author":"Strakovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.006","article-title":"Maternal Obesity Modulates Sexually Dimorphic Epigenetic Regulation and Expression of Leptin Receptor in Offspring Hippocampus","volume":"88","author":"Glendining","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000440107","article-title":"Contrasting Effects of Different Maternal Diets on Sexually Dimorphic Gene Expression in the Murine Placenta","volume":"107","author":"Mao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.59566\/IJBS.2011.7209","article-title":"Maternal Gestational Dietary Fat has Minimal Effects on Serum Lipid Profiles and Hepatic Glucose Transporter 2 and No Effect on Glucokinase Expression in Neonatal Wistar Rat Offspring","volume":"7","author":"Cerf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J BioMed Sci"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2010.07.226","article-title":"Gestational 30% and 40% Fat Diets Increase Brain GLUT2 and Neuropeptide Y Immunoreactivity in Neonatal Wistar Rats","volume":"28","author":"Cerf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0679","article-title":"Insulin Receptor Substrate Signaling Controls Cardiac Energy Metabolism and Heart Failure","volume":"233","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010025","article-title":"High Fat Diet Administration During Specific Periods of Pregnancy Alters Maternal Fatty Acid Profiles in the Near-Term Rat","volume":"8","author":"Cerf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44949","article-title":". A Post-Weaning Obesogenic Diet Exacerbates the Detrimental Effects of Maternal Obesity on Offspring Insulin Signaling in Adipose Tissue","volume":"7","author":"De Almeida Faria","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41366-019-0363-7","article-title":"Use of High-Fat Diets to Study Rodent Obesity as a Model of Human Obesity","volume":"43","author":"Speakman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-021-00647-2","article-title":"Diet-Induced Obesity in Animal Models: Points to Consider and Influence on Metabolic Markers","volume":"13","author":"de Moura e Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.5.2240","article-title":"Impaired Insulin-Receptor Autophosphorylation Is an Early Defect in Fat-Fed, Insulin-Resistant Rats","volume":"91","author":"Youngren","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00335.2004","article-title":"Islet Cell Response in the Neonatal Rat After Exposure to a High-Fat Diet During Pregnancy","volume":"288","author":"Cerf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.06.007","article-title":"Gestational High-Fat Programming Impairs Insulin Release and Reduces Pdx-1 and Glucokinase Immunoreactivity in Neonatal Wistar Rats","volume":"58","author":"Cerf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6092\/1590-8577\/1534","article-title":"Islet Cell Response to High Fat Programming in Neonate, Weanling and Adolescent Wistar Rats","volume":"15","author":"Cerf","year":"2014","journal-title":"JOP"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-1072","article-title":"The Increase in Cardiac Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-4 After Short-Term Dexamethasone Is Controlled by an Akt-P38-Forkhead Box Other Factor-1 Signaling Axis","volume":"151","author":"Puthanveetil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0361-1","article-title":"Forkhead Box Transcription Factor 1: Role in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Kandula","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60329","article-title":"Metabolic Stress - Induced Activation of FoxO1 Triggers Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice","volume":"122","author":"Battiprolu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.1.31","article-title":"Gender and Insulin Sensitivity in the Heart and in Skeletal Muscles: Studies Using Positron Emission Tomography","volume":"44","author":"Nuutila","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000172574.64019.98","article-title":"Insulin Resistance: Sex Matters","volume":"8","author":"Mittendorfer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54050086","article-title":"High Fat Programming and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"54","author":"Cerf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00516-5","article-title":"E2F Repression by C\/Ebp\u03b1 Is Required for Adipogenesis and Granulopoiesis in Vivo","volume":"107","author":"Porse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-009-9391-8","article-title":"Epicardial Control of Myocardial Proliferation and Morphogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Sucov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.036","article-title":"C\/Ebp\u03b2 Controls Exercise-Induced Cardiac Growth and Protects Against Pathological Cardiac Remodeling","volume":"143","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00141","article-title":"Adipocyte Enhancer-Binding Protein 1 (AEBP1) (a Novel Macrophage Proinflammatory Mediator) Overexpression Promotes and Ablation Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Apoe (-\/-) and LDLR (-\/-) Mice","volume":"17","author":"Bogachev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00354","article-title":"Role of Leptin in Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Poetsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3299705","article-title":"Adipsin: A Circulating Serine Protease Homolog Secreted by Adipose Tissue and Sciatic Nerve","volume":"237","author":"Cook","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9258(19)50409-4","article-title":"Human Adipsin Is Identical to Complement Factor D and Is Expressed at High Levels in Adipose Tissue","volume":"267","author":"White","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3299706","article-title":"Severely Impaired Adipsin Expression in Genetic and Acquired Obesity","volume":"237","author":"Flier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B80","article-title":"Concentrations of Adipsin in Blood and Rates of Adipsin Secretion by Adipose Tissue in Humans With Normal, Elevated and Diminished Adipose Tissue Mass","volume":"18","author":"Napolitano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1999.00514.x","article-title":"Plasma Acylation Stimulating Protein, Adipsin and Lipids in Non-Obese and Obese Populations","volume":"29","author":"Maslowska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9620-4","article-title":"Adipocytokine Levels in Obese and non-Obese Subjects: An Observational Study","volume":"36","author":"Derosa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013716","article-title":"Identification of Adipsin as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"8","author":"Ohtsuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.05.056","article-title":"The Alpha-1D Is the Predominant Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype in Human Epicardial Coronary Arteries","volume":"54","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPHEART.00621.2020","article-title":"Cardiac A1a-Adrenergic Receptors: Emerging Protective Roles in Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"320","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Hear Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22811","article-title":"\u03b11-Adrenergic Receptors Prevent a Maladaptive Cardiac Response to Pressure Overload","volume":"116","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02884.x","article-title":"Expression of Protein Kinase C Gene in the Brain and Heart of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats","volume":"22","author":"Gao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2007.05.014","article-title":"Protein Kinase C as a Stress Sensor","volume":"19","author":"Barnett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1994.266.3.h1145","article-title":"Preconditioning Protects Ischemic Rabbit Heart by Protein Kinase C Activation","volume":"266","author":"Ytrehus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Hear Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2005.01.003","article-title":"Protein Kinase C Isozymes in Stroke","volume":"15","author":"Chou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.79.2.153","article-title":"Protein Kinase C Isoform Expression in Normal and Failing Rabbit Hearts","volume":"79","author":"Rouet-Benzineb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-017-9634-3","article-title":"Protein Kinase C and Cardiac Dysfunction: A Review","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10203","article-title":"Spatial and Temporal Expression of Folate-Binding Protein 1 (FBP 1) Is Closely Associated With Anterior Neural Tube Closure in Mice","volume":"226","author":"Saitsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20043","article-title":"Developmental Consequences of Abnormal Folate Transport During Murine Heart Morphogenesis","volume":"70","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res Part A - Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.2.546","article-title":"Folic Acid Supplementation Diminishes Diabetes and Glucose-Induced Dysmorphogenesis in Rat Embryos in Vivo and in Vitro","volume":"54","author":"Wentzel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvz006","article-title":"IGFBP-1 in Cardiometabolic Pathophysiology\u2014Insights From Loss-of-Function and Gain-of-Function Studies in Male Mice","volume":"4","author":"Haywood","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2009.07.013","article-title":"The Role of Resistin as a Regulator of Inflammation: Implications for Various Human Pathologies","volume":"133","author":"Filkov\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.05.006","article-title":"Role of Resistin in Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000155620.10387.43","article-title":"Resistin Is an Inflammatory Marker of Atherosclerosis in Humans","volume":"111","author":"Reilly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000354574","article-title":"Correlation of Resistin With Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Markers in Obese Adolescents With and Without Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Makni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000137824.30476.0E","article-title":"Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 Expressed in the Heart of Transgenic Mice Protects Against Ischemic-Reperfusion Damage","volume":"110","author":"Hoerter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00238.2018","article-title":"Characterization of a Mouse Model of Obesity-Related Fibrotic Cardiomyopathy That Recapitulates Features of Human Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"315","author":"Alex","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Hear Circ Physiol"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(95)00216-2","article-title":"24-H Ambulatory Blood Pressure in 352 Normal Danish Subjects, Related to Age and Gender","volume":"8","author":"Wiinberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90428-E","article-title":"Sexual Dimorphism of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Is Androgen Dependent","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"B105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198909000-00005","article-title":"Sexual Dimorphism of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Effects of Anti-Androgen Treatment","volume":"7","author":"Ganten","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00231.2016","article-title":"Sex-Specific Differences in Age-Dependent Progression of Aortic Dysfunction and Related Cardiac Remodeling in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats","volume":"312","author":"Al-Gburi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol - Regul Integr Comp Physiol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.772095\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T10:00:49Z","timestamp":1700042449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.772095\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2021.772095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.772095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"article-number":"772095"}}