{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:50:55Z","timestamp":1753890655060,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007311","name":"Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007311","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe obesity and tumor relapse\/progression have impact on long-term prognosis in pediatric brain tumor patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed nuchal skinfold thickness (NST) on magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up monitoring as a parameter for assessment of nuchal adipose tissue in 177 brain tumor patients (40 World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1\u20132 brain tumor; 31 grade 3\u20134 brain tumor; 106 craniopharyngioma), and 53 healthy controls. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio, caliper-measured skinfold thickness, and blood pressure were analyzed for association with NST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Craniopharyngioma patients showed higher NST, BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and caliper-measured skinfold thickness when compared to other brain tumors and healthy controls. WHO grade 1\u20132 brain tumor patients were observed with higher BMI, waist circumference and triceps caliper-measured skinfold thickness when compared to WHO grade 3\u20134 brain tumor patients. NST correlated with BMI, waist-to-height ratio, and caliper-measured skinfold thickness. NST, BMI and waist-to-height ratio were associated with increased blood pressure. In craniopharyngioma patients with hypothalamic involvement\/lesion or gross-total resection, rate and degree of obesity were increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>NST could serve as a novel useful marker for regional nuchal adipose tissue. NST is highly associated with body mass and waist-to-height ratio, and easily measurable in routine MRI monitoring of brain tumor patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.772856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T12:58:33Z","timestamp":1639659513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nuchal Skinfold Thickness in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svenja","family":"Boekhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eveslage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Bison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panjarat","family":"Sowithayasakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann L.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11095","article-title":"Endocrine and Cardiovascular Late Effects Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors: Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"97","author":"Gurney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000501)88:9<2116::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Long Term Survivors of Childhood Brain Cancer Have an Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"88","author":"Heikens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.01.014","article-title":"Adult Life After Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia: Diabetes Mellitus Following Treatment for Cancer in Childhood","volume":"50","author":"Holmqvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.209","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer. Increased Risk Associated With Radiation Therapy: A Report for the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"169","author":"Meacham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Internal Med"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000216787.85457.f3","article-title":"Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss","volume":"26","author":"Poirier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis Vasc Biol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.06.039","article-title":"The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Pediatric Survivors of Cancer","volume":"149","author":"Nathan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20960","article-title":"Body Mass Index in Long-Term Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study","volume":"103","author":"Meacham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa142","article-title":"Use of Standardized Body Composition Measurements and Malnutrition Screening Tools to Detect Malnutrition Risk and Predict Clinical Outcomes in Children With Chronic Conditions","volume":"112","author":"Lara-Pompa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665115004206","article-title":"Application of Standards and Models in Body Composition Analysis","volume":"75","author":"Muller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2013-1115","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma","volume":"35","author":"Muller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine Rev"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0125-9","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma","volume":"5","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-1021","article-title":"MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma: State of the Art of Care in 2018","volume":"180","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov044","article-title":"Survival, Hypothalamic Obesity, and Neuropsychological\/Psychosocial Status After Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma: Newly Reported Long-Term Outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Sterkenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0174","article-title":"Consequences of Craniopharyngioma Surgery in Children","volume":"96","author":"Muller","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2014-0415","article-title":"Eating Behavior, Weight Problems and Eating Disorders in 101 Long-Term Survivors of Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma","volume":"28","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metabol: JPEM"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/not026","article-title":"Trends in Treatment and Outcomes of Pediatric Craniopharyngioma, 1975-2011","volume":"15","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuro-oncology"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0428-2","article-title":"Mortality and Morbidity in Adult Craniopharyngioma","volume":"16","author":"Erfurth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000214","article-title":"Craniopharyngioma and Hypothalamic Injury: Latest Insights Into Consequent Eating Disorders and Obesity","volume":"23","author":"Muller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.7.777","article-title":"Obesity, Regional Body Fat Distribution, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women","volume":"165","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Internal Med"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.3.645","article-title":"Association Between Non-Subcutaneous Adiposity and Calcified Coronary Plaque: A Substudy of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"88","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355","article-title":"Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Compartments: Association With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21047","article-title":"Splanchnic Lipolysis in Human Obesity","volume":"113","author":"Nielsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1779","article-title":"Neck Circumference as a Novel Measure of Cardiometabolic Risk: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"95","author":"Preis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.35","article-title":"Relationship of Neck Circumference to Cardiovascular Risk Factors","volume":"11","author":"Ben-Noun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"14","article-title":"Relationship Between Changes in Neck Circumference and Cardiovascular Risk Factors","volume":"11","author":"Ben-Noun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802002","article-title":"Association of Neck Circumference With Insulin Resistance-Related Factors","volume":"26","author":"Laakso","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Obes Related Metab Disorders: J Int Assoc Study Obes"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2547","article-title":"Nuchal Skinfold Thickness: A Novel Parameter for Assessment of Body Composition in Childhood Craniopharyngioma","volume":"101","author":"Sterkenburg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16855","article-title":"Obesity After Childhood Craniopharyngioma\u2013German Multicenter Study on Pre-Operative Risk Factors and Quality of Life","volume":"213","author":"Muller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Klinische Padiatrie"},{"article-title":"Central Nervous System Tumours (Internet)","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumours Series","year":"2021","key":"B29"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0158","article-title":"Post-Operative Hypothalamic Lesions and Obesity in Childhood Craniopharyngioma: Results of the Multinational Prospective Trial KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000 After 3-Year Follow-Up","volume":"165","author":"Muller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol\/European Fed Endocrine Soc"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2069","article-title":"Xanthogranuloma, Rathke\u2019s Cyst, and Childhood Craniopharyngioma: Results of Prospective Multinational Studies of Children and Adolescents With Rare Sellar Malformations","volume":"97","author":"Muller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B32","first-page":"13","article-title":"Body Mass Index Variations: Centiles From Birth to 87 Years","volume":"45","author":"Rolland-Cachera","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Physical Growth of Swiss Children From Birth to 20 Years of Age. First Zurich Longitudinal Study of Growth and Development","author":"Prader","year":"1989","journal-title":"Helv Paediatrica Acta"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000351066","article-title":"Abdominal Obesity in German Adolescents Defined by Waist-to-Height Ratio and Its Association to Elevated Blood Pressure: The KiGGS Study","volume":"6","author":"Kromeyer-Hauschild","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23373","article-title":"Health Consequences of Obesity","volume":"58","author":"Berenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072515","article-title":"Childhood Body-Mass Index and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Adulthood","volume":"357","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.5","article-title":"Diagnostic Performance of Body Mass Index to Identify Obesity as Defined by Body Adiposity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Okorodudu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211053271904","article-title":"Long-Term Morbidity and Mortality of Overweight Adolescents. A Follow-Up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935","volume":"327","author":"Must","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(94)90236-4","article-title":"Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Visceral Fat Obesity","volume":"24","author":"Matsuzawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091586","article-title":"Validation of Anthropometric Indices of Adiposity Against Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging\u2013A Study Within the German European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohorts","volume":"9","author":"Neamat-Allah","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803163","article-title":"Crossvalidation of Anthropometry Against Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Assessment of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Children","volume":"30","author":"Brambilla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12042","article-title":"Anthropometric Predictors of Visceral Adiposity in Normal-Weight and Obese Adolescents","volume":"14","author":"Koren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000333428","article-title":"Indicators of Overweight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among 11- to 17-Year-Old Boys and Girls in Germany","volume":"4","author":"Kleiser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S34220","article-title":"Predicting Cardiometabolic Risk: Waist-to-Height Ratio or BMI. A Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"Savva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndrome Obesity: Targets Ther"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801401","article-title":"Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio are Better Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Children Than Body Mass Index","volume":"24","author":"Savva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Related Metab Disord"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802259","article-title":"Waist-To-Height Ratio, a Simple and Practical Index for Assessing Central Fat Distribution and Metabolic Risk in Japanese Men and Women","volume":"27","author":"Hsieh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes Related Metab Disord"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803232","article-title":"Body Fat Reference Curves for Children","volume":"30","author":"McCarthy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.601","article-title":"Waist-to-Height Ratio Is an Accurate and Easier Index for Evaluating Obesity in Children and Adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Weili","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w13227","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13227","article-title":"Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Height Ratio Percentiles in a Nationally Representative Sample of 6-13 Year Old Children in Switzerland","volume":"141","author":"Aeberli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swiss Med Weekly"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-0582201432210713","article-title":"Neck Circumference as a New Anthropometric Indicator for Prediction of Insulin Resistance and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study","volume":"32","author":"da Silva Cde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Paulista Pediatria"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.772856\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T12:58:40Z","timestamp":1639659520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.772856\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2021.772856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.772856","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2392"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"article-number":"772856"}}