{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:14:58Z","timestamp":1769825698236,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 10% of term deliveries and 40% of preterm deliveries, the fetal membrane (FM) ruptures before labor. However, the ability to predict these cases of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is very limited. In this paper, our objective was to determine whether a prediction method based on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the supra-cervical FM could predict PROM and PPROM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study enrolled 77 women between the 28th and 37th weeks of gestation. Two indicators of fetal membrane defects, including prolapsed depth &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm and signal abnormalities, are investigated for our prediction. Fisher\u2019s exact test was used to determine whether prolapsed depth &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm and\/or signal abnormalities were associated with PROM and PPROM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for prolapsed depth &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm, signal abnormalities, and the combination of prolapsed depth &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm and signal abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Result<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 12 women with PROM (5 preterm and 7 term, prior to labor onset), 9 had membrane prolapse &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm and 5 had FM signal abnormalities. Among 65 women with rupture of membranes at term, 2 had membrane prolapse &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm and 1 had signal abnormalities. By Fisher\u2019s exact test both indicators, membrane prolapse &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm and signal abnormalities, were associated with PROM (P&amp;lt;0.001, P&amp;lt;0.001) and PPROM (P=0.001, P&amp;lt;0.001). Additionally, membrane prolapse &amp;gt;5\u00a0mm, signal abnormalities, and the combination of the two indicators all demonstrated high specificity for predicting PROM (96.9%, 98.5%, and 100%, respectively) and PPROM (90.3%, 97.2%, and 100%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI can distinguish the supra-cervical fetal membrane <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and may be able to identify women at high risk of PPROM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1001538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T15:40:07Z","timestamp":1664466007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Magnetic resonance imaging of the supra-cervical fetal membrane detects an increased risk of prelabor\u00a0rupture of membranes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wenxu","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peinan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zichao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhexian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela 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