{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T14:21:09Z","timestamp":1794406869918,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a group of co-morbidities which include central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Previously, we reported that childhood lymphatic filariasis (LF) confers significant protection against type-1 and type-2 forms of diabetes, by means of immunomodulation. In the present study, we studied the effect of LF on endocrine dysfunction in MS and Non-MS patients in baseline and after 10 years of follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We quantified the serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), incretins (Ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, PAI-1 and resistin) by multiplex bead array system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>MS (both LF- and LF+) subjects had increased insulin levels compared to NMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects. MS-LF+ subjects had significantly increased levels of glucagon, ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1 and decreased levels of adipsin, compared to MS-LF- subjects. Interestingly this effect was short-lived and was not seen in the follow-up samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, LF infection might confer limited short-term beneficial effects against MS, by means of modulating the incretin levels,either directly or indirectly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1011942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T07:55:00Z","timestamp":1669103700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5)"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joy 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