{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:48:23Z","timestamp":1784022503624,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017958","name":"Health Commission of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was reported that there were still up to 30% immature retrieved oocyte at germinal vesicle (GV) or metaphase I (MI) stage. Whether the spontaneous maturity competency of immature oocytes associated to the clinical outcome of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) cycles remains unclear and unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how the oocyte developmental parameters in <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> maturation (IVM) affect clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included couples undergoing ICSI in a university-affiliated hospital. Surplus immature oocytes during ICSI were collected and cultured <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The numbers of germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes undergoing GV breakdown (GVBD) and polar body 1 extrusion within 24 h culture were recorded. The main outcome measurements were demographic baselines and oocyte developmental parameters in IVM associated with pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 191 couples were included with an overall GVBD rate of 63.7% (327\/513) and oocyte maturation rate of 46.8% (240\/513). 53.4% (102\/191) of them had embryos transferred freshly, which originated from metaphase II oocytes that matured spontaneously <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, and 60.8% (62\/102) got pregnant. Among factors with a <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt; 0.2 in univariate logistic regression analyses of pregnancy correlation, GVBD rate (OR 3.220, 95% CI 1.060-9.782, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.039) and progesterone level on human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) day (OR 0.231, 95% CI 0.056-0.949, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.042) remained significant in the multivariate model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the predictive nomogram was 0.729 (95% CI 0.632-0.826) with an acceptable calibration. Moreover, decision curve analyses illustrated the superior overall net benefit of models that included the GVBD rate in clinical decisions within a wide range of threshold probabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, GVBD rate and progesterone level on HCG day may be associated with pregnancy outcomes in infertile couples during the regular ICSI procedure. An elevated GVBD rate within 24 h may greatly increase the likelihood of pregnancy in infertile couples during ICSI. This preliminary study may optimize clinical pregnancy prediction, which provides support in decision-making in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1022044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T11:28:33Z","timestamp":1673263713000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["GVBD rate is an independent predictor for pregnancy in ICSI patients with surplus immature 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