{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:58:39Z","timestamp":1791305919247,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a matched cohort study among individuals with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to determine: 1) the incidence of cancers (extrahepatic and liver) and their spectrum and 2) if NAFLD increases the risk of extrahepatic cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The NAFLD and non-NAFLD (control) cohorts were identified from electronic medical records <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes from a single center and followed from 2010 to 2019. Cohorts were matched 1:2 for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,412 subjects were included in the analyses. There were 477 individuals with NAFLD and 935 controls (median age, 52 years; women, 54%; white vs. black: 59% vs. 38%; median BMI, 30.4 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; type 2 diabetes, 34%). The cancer incidence (per 100,000 person-years) was 535 vs. 1,513 (NAFLD vs. control). Liver cancer incidence (per 100,000 person-years) was 89 in the NAFLD group vs. 0 in the control group, whereas the incidence of malignancy was higher across other types of cancer in the control group vs. in the NAFLD group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall extrahepatic cancer risk in NAFLD is not increased above and beyond the risk from background risk factors such as age, race, sex, BMI, and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1037211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T05:06:53Z","timestamp":1669352813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is specifically related to the risk of hepatocellular cancer but not extrahepatic 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