{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:16:52Z","timestamp":1754558212794,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study patients\u2019 new treatment methods and mechanisms of repeated implantation failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF) unit in a Three-A hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patient(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety-three patients with repeated implantation failure in IVF and embryo transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>the luteal phase support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure(s)<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to whether human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was added, the two groups were divided into an observation group and a control group, and the clinical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Furthermore, 20 patients were selected for whole exome sequencing to investigate the mechanism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observation group\u2019s clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were significantly higher than those in the control group (<jats:italic>P=0.004<\/jats:italic>). Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were significantly enriched in embryo implantation or endometrial receptivity processes, such as microtubule-based movement, NABA CORE MATRISOME, superoxide anion generation, protein localization to vacuole, extracellular matrix organization, fertilization, microtubule-based transport, cell junction organization, microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Furthermore, variants detected in these pathway genes were missense mutations that affect the protein\u2019s biological activity but do not effectuate its inactivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adding HCG in the luteal phase might improve the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in RIF patients. The potential pathogenesis of RIF genetic level may be caused by microtubule-based movement, extracellular matrix organization, and the Superoxide Anion generation pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1053592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T05:18:11Z","timestamp":1669180691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of low-dose hCG on FET cycle in patients with recurrent implantation 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