{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:09:22Z","timestamp":1763338162158,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009399","name":"Peking University Third Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the effects of thyroid autoimmunity, serum\/follicular fluid vitamin D levels, and vitamin D receptor expression in granulosa cells on laboratory outcomes of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The study included 206 women with or without thyroid autoimmunity undergoing <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection ovarian stimulation cycles. The primary outcomes in thyroid autoimmunity and non-thyroid autoimmunity patients with high or low follicular fluid vitamin D levels (high vitamin D level, \u226520 ng\/mL; low vitamin D level, &amp;lt;20 ng\/mL) were the number of oocytes retrieved and quality of embryos. The secondary outcomes were the association between serum and follicular fluid vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor expression in granulosa cells. Our study revealed that thyroid autoimmunity was associated with fewer good-quality embryos but not oocytes (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.010). The vitamin D level in the follicular fluid was significantly correlated with that in the serum (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.5). The study populations in the thyroid autoimmunity and non-thyroid autoimmunity groups were divided into two subgroups based on high\/low serum\/follicular fluid vitamin D levels. There was no significant difference in the number of retrieved oocytes and good-quality embryos between the subgroups with high or low vitamin D levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05), and the incidence of thyroid autoimmunity was comparable between the subgroups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that thyroid autoimmunity had a negative effect on the number of healthy embryos (<jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.038). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results indicated that vitamin D receptor expression in granulosa cells was positively correlated with follicular vitamin D levels in the thyroid autoimmunity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002) and non-thyroid autoimmunity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001) groups. The current findings suggest that thyroid autoimmunity may have a more detrimental effect on <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection laboratory outcomes than vitamin D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1079643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T07:59:35Z","timestamp":1671091175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thyroid autoimmunity and vitamin D: Effects on in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection laboratory 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