{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T09:01:25Z","timestamp":1788685285519,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI), which is also referred to as diabetic myonecrosis, is a rare and long-term complication of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, while we found that acute diabetes decompensation, such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), could also stimulate the occurrence and development of DMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 23-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes presented with a 10-day history of nausea, vomiting, pain, and swelling of her left leg. Her urine ketone test was positive. The 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate and leukocyte counts and creatine kinase levels were elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left thigh revealed extensive deep tissue oedema and an increase in the T2 signal in the involved muscles. Once the diagnosis of DMI was made, she was managed with rest, celecoxib, clopidogrel and aggressive insulin therapy. Three months after treatment, the patient reported complete resolution of symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>DMI is a rare DM complication with a high recurrence rate, commonly presenting with chronic complications, while our case report shows that acute diabetes decompensation, such as DKA, can stimulate the occurrence and development of DMI. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment could shorten the recovery time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1112703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T04:57:22Z","timestamp":1673499442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case report: Diabetic muscle infarction with diabetic ketoacidosis: A rare complication of diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Hua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Zhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Cheng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2015-000082","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction: A systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Horton","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0165-1","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"6","author":"Dhatariya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"65","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction","volume":"20","author":"Morcuende","year":"2000","journal-title":"Iowa Orthopaedic J"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00402-5","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction: an unusual cause of acute limb swelling in patients on hemodialysis","volume":"41","author":"Melikian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Foundation"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11213\/tonyobyo.55.269","article-title":"A case of leriche syndrome associated with acute diabetic muscle infarction subsequent to diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"55","author":"Sato","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Japan Diabetes Society"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2016.10.006","article-title":"Cardiac arrest from acute myocardial infarction complicated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor-associated ketoacidosis","volume":"15","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiol cases"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)91385-4","article-title":"Management of massive pulmonary thromboembolism complicating diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"57","author":"Quigley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Thorac surgery"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(94)E0027-6","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction: a new perspective on pathogenesis and management","volume":"5","author":"Bjornskov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuromuscular Disord NMD."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12053","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis elicits systemic inflammation associated with cerebrovascular endothelial cell dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Close","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010815","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, and incidence of subclinical myocardial damage","volume":"130","author":"Selvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9032","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Kitabchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-9916","article-title":"Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American diabetes association","volume":"29","author":"Kitabchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.4.881","article-title":"Fatty acid homeostasis in the normoxic and ischemic heart","volume":"72","author":"van der Vusse","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.07.38","article-title":"Acute coronary syndrome and diabetic keto acidosis: the chicken or the egg","volume":"7","author":"Kaefer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Trans Med"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199702)14:2<132::AID-DIA312>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Diabetic microangiopathy: lupus anticoagulant dependent thrombotic tendency in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Gargiulo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetic Med J Br Diabetic Assoc"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080572","article-title":"Painful swelling in the thigh: diabetic muscle infarction","volume":"180","author":"Schattner","year":"2009","journal-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J = J l'Association Medicale Canadienne"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1314-5","article-title":"Beyond muscle destruction: A systematic review of rhabdomyolysis for clinical practice","volume":"20","author":"Chavez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175029","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/175029","article-title":"Diabetic myonecrosis: Uncommon complications in common diseases","volume":"2014","author":"Sran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Endocrinol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.1.1740165","article-title":"Sonography of diabetic muscle infarction with MR imaging, CT, and pathologic correlation","volume":"174","author":"Delaney-Sathy","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-13-38","article-title":"Diabetic muscle infarction and diabetic dermopathy two manifestations of uncontrolled prolong diabetes mellitus presenting with severe leg pain and leg skin lesions","volume":"13","author":"Shenavandeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.1112703\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T04:57:27Z","timestamp":1673499447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.1112703\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fendo.2022.1112703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.1112703","relation":{},"ISSN":["1664-2392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1664-2392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"article-number":"1112703"}}