{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T11:26:50Z","timestamp":1777116410892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is a tool used during thyroid surgery to assist in the identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Multiple IONM systems that exist for thyroidectomy require intubation with an endotracheal tube. Given that one of the advantages of thermal ablation procedures, such as radiofrequency ablation, is that they can be done safely without the use of general anesthesia, nerve monitoring systems that utilize cutaneous surface electrodes have been developed, though are not widely available in the United States. This article will review the use of IONM for RFA including the cutaneous surface electrode system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.808107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T13:06:43Z","timestamp":1648645603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Evaluating the Role of Continuous IONM and IONM Techniques for Emerging Surgical and Percutaneous Procedures"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"McManus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Hong","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(56)92333-9","article-title":"Injury to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves During Thyroidectomy; a Comparison Between the Results of Identification and Non-Identification in 1022 Nerves Exposed to Risk","volume":"271","author":"Riddell","year":"1956","journal-title":"Lancet (Lond Engl)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.21037\/gs.2019.11.04","article-title":"Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring in Thyroid Surgery\u2014Shifting Current Paradigms","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199809000-00005","article-title":"The Importance of Surgeon Experience for Clinical and Economic Outcomes From Thyroidectomy","volume":"228","author":"Sosa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2010.07.019","article-title":"Malpractice Litigation After Thyroid Surgery: The Role of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries, 1989\u20132009","volume":"148","author":"Abadin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13446","article-title":"Continuous Versus Intermittent Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Complex Benign Thyroid Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis and Prospective Follow-Up","volume":"44","author":"Sedlmaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.03.002","article-title":"A Novel Methodology for Assessing Laryngeal and Vagus Nerve Integrity in Patients Under General Anesthesia","volume":"128","author":"Sinclair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28710","article-title":"Continuous Laryngeal Adductor Reflex Versus Intermittent Nerve Monitoring in Neck Endocrine Surgery","volume":"131","author":"Sinclair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26744","article-title":"Contralateral R1 and R2 Components of the Laryngeal Adductor Reflex in Humans Under General Anesthesia","volume":"127","author":"Sinclair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27359","article-title":"International Neural Monitoring Study Group Guideline 2018 Part I: Staging Bilateral Thyroid Surgery With Monitoring Loss of Signal","volume":"128","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wiley Online Libr"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26219-5","article-title":"Protective Effects of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring (IONM) for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury in Thyroidectomy: Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.12.039","article-title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Intra-Operative Neuro-Monitoring in High-Risk Thyroidectomy","volume":"38","author":"KP","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2017.01.086","article-title":"Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Thyroidectomy","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13379","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy During Thyroid Reoperations","volume":"87","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.06.049","article-title":"\u2018The Final Countdown\u2019: Is Intraoperative, Intermittent Neuromonitoring Really Useful in Preventing Permanent Nerve Palsy? 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