{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T20:38:25Z","timestamp":1789763905656,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid dysfunction is linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment. However, studies on the relationships between thyroid diseases and Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) have reported conflicting results. We investigated the associations between several thyroid diseases and AD in a nested case-control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,977 participants with AD were identified by claims data from 2002-2015 among a random sample of half a million people in the Korean National Health Insurance database. We recruited 16,473 age- and sex-matched (1:4 ratio) control participants and applied conditional logistic regression to estimate the relationships between thyroid diseases and AD, with adjustments for potential confounders, such as basic demographics, lifestyle factors, and various medical conditions or comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence rates of hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR]=1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00-1.30), thyroiditis (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.05-1.40), and hyperthyroidism (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.01-1.28) were significantly higher in participants with AD than in control participants after adjustment for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this large national sample, we found significant relationships between several thyroid diseases and AD. Despite of the need for further investigation, these findings could better support to appreciate the pathophysiology of AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.815063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T06:32:38Z","timestamp":1646634758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The Association Between Thyroid Diseases and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in a National Health Screening Cohort in Korea"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ji Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heui Seung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoo Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Yang","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae Myoung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Geun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2007.09.011","article-title":"Thyroid Hormones States and Brain Development Interactions","volume":"26","author":"Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.02.006","article-title":"Thyroid Disease and Cognition","volume":"43","author":"Samuels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.216","article-title":"Prevalence and Incidence of Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Dementia From 1994 to 2012 in a Population Study","volume":"15","author":"Rajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2019.00099","article-title":"Subregional Density of Neurons, Neurofibrillary Tangles and Amyloid Plauques in the Hippocampus of Patients With Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"19","author":"Furcila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4627.555","article-title":"Myxoedematous Madness","volume":"2","author":"Asher","year":"1949","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474868","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/474868","article-title":"Thyroid Function and Cognition During Aging","volume":"2008","author":"Begin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.66","article-title":"Thyroid Hormone Transporters. 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