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Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Essential hypertension (EHT) is characterized by cardiovascular hyperreactivity to stress but underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of \u03b1-adrenergic receptors (\u03b1-AR) in the cardiovascular reactivity to a norepinephrine (NE)-stress reactivity-mimicking NE-infusion in essential hypertensive individuals (HT) as compared to normotensive individuals (NT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>24 male HT and 24 male NT participated in three experimental trials on three separate days with a 1-min infusion followed by a 15-min infusion. Trials varied in infusion-substances: placebo saline (Sal)-infusions (trial-1:Sal+Sal), NE-infusion without (trial-2:Sal+NE) or with non-selective \u03b1-AR blockade by phentolamine (PHE) (trial-3:PHE+NE). NE-infusion dosage (5<jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>g\/ml\/min) and duration were chosen to mimic duration and physiological effects of NE-release in reaction to established stress induction protocols. We repeatedly measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as well as heart rate before, during, and after infusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SBP and DBP reactivity to the three infusion-trials differed between HT and NT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2019s\u2264.014). HT exhibited greater BP reactivity to NE-infusion alone compared to NT (trial-2-vs-trial-1: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2019s\u2264.033). Group differences in DBP reactivity to NE disappeared with prior PHE blockade (trial-3: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=.26), while SBP reactivity differences remained (trial-3: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=.016). Heart rate reactivity to infusion-trials did not differ between HT and NT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=.73).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest a mediating role of \u03b1-AR in DBP hyperreactivity to NE-infusion in EHT. However, in SBP hyperreactivity to NE-infusion in EHT, the functioning of \u03b1-AR seems impaired suggesting that the SBP hyperreactivity in hypertension is not mediated by \u03b1-AR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.824616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T07:16:47Z","timestamp":1658474207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Alpha-Adrenergic Mechanisms in the Cardiovascular Hyperreactivity to Norepinephrine-Infusion in Essential Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lisa-Marie","family":"Walther","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"von K\u00e4nel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja","family":"Heimgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Zuccarella-Hackl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Stirnimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra H.","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii2","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.suppl_2.ii2","article-title":"Global Risk of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"89","author":"Poulter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.3.329","article-title":"Essential Hypertension","volume":"101","author":"Carretero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(90)90069-2","article-title":"Blood Pressure Reactivity Predicts Myocardial Infarction Among Treated Hypertensive Patients","volume":"43","author":"Alderman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2004.11.013","article-title":"A Generalized Physiological Hyperreactivity to Acute Stressors in Hypertensives","volume":"70","author":"Nykl\u00ed\u010dek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324796ABM2501_04","article-title":"Enhanced Adrenocortical Responses to Stress in Hypertension-Prone Men and Women","volume":"25","author":"al\u2019Absi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.146621","article-title":"Greater Cardiovascular Responses to Laboratory Mental Stress Are Associated With Poor Subsequent Cardiovascular Risk Status","volume":"55","author":"Chida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00127","article-title":"De Lima Umeoka EH. 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