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Endocrinol."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in postoperative thyroid cancer\u00a0patients who need always accompanied by complications (e.g., dyslipidemia and constipation). At present, there are no effective and safe means to alleviate these\u00a0complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess the oral-gut microbiota profiles in THW patients then\u00a0investigate whether probiotics could alleviating alleviate THW related complications and investigate whether these therapeutic effects were associated with the oral-gut microbiota state.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty eligible thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to receive probiotics or placebo during THW. Complications were assessed through validated questionnaires and plasma lipid indicators. The complex probiotics preparation was composed of <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium infantis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics alleviated lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dry mouth and decreased the levels of fecal\/serum LPS and plasma lipid indicators (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Gut and oral microbial diversity were significantly decreased after THW, while an increased microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was observed. Probiotics distinctly restored the gut and oral microbial diversity. Increased <jats:italic>Holdemanella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Coprococcus_2<\/jats:italic>, while decreased <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium_ruminantium_group<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ruminococcus_1<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Parasutterella<\/jats:italic> in the gut were found after probiotics intervention. Lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dyslipidemia were seen to be related to the above microbiota. In addition, probiotics reduced oral <jats:italic>Prevotella_9<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Lautropia<\/jats:italic>, which were positively correlated with the occurrence of dry mouth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics reduce the incidence of complications in patients after THW, which may be related to modifying the oral and gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:uri>https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/<\/jats:uri>], identifier America Clinical Trial Registry NCT03574051.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.834674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T10:07:40Z","timestamp":1646734060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Randomized Clinical Trial: Probiotics Alleviated Oral-Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal-Related Complications in Thyroid Cancer Patients Before Radioiodine Therapy Following Thyroidectomy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Baiqiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuya","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangren","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lujia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunwei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10635-w","article-title":"Trend Dynamics of Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among China and the U.S. Adult Population From 1990 to 2017: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199802000-00018","article-title":"Use of Radioactive Iodine for Thyroid Remnant Ablation in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma to Replace Thyroid Reoperation","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020","article-title":"2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients With Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer","volume":"26","author":"Haugen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A16","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6614-8-S1-A16","article-title":"Comparing the Effectiveness of Stimulation Using rhTSH and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Kowalska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thyroid Res"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_166_19","article-title":"Is 3-4 Weeks Required for TSH to Rise Post Thyroidectomy? 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